[71] Barham's six-inch guns were the first to do so and fired at the French submarinePerse on the surface. "I'm one of only two survivors from the ship left," he said. Shortly afterwards, she was deployed to Gibraltar for several months after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War in July. One fragment ricocheted off the upper deck and through the side plating on the opposite side of the ship. HMS Barham was a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship of the Royal Navy.On 25 November 1941, while steaming to cover an attack on Italian convoys, Barham was hit by three torpedoes from the German submarine U-331, commanded by Lieutenant Hans-Dietrich von Tiesenhausen.As she rolled over to port, her magazines exploded and the ship quickly sank with the loss of over two thirds of her crew. These new approaches would help achieve an international goal set last year to have 100% of the topography of the world's ocean bed mapped by 2030. None of the men were ever found alive, and the expedition is considered one of the worst disasters in the history of polar exploration. Your email address will not be published. Within four minutes, the battleship had listed over to Port and the. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. Life on the Line Podcasts This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. "It was a shocking event," said Riverside curator Emily Malcolm. The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches (330mm) of armour. She was present when the High Seas Fleet surrendered for internment on 21 November. Barham was able to dodge them, but Resolution was struck by one torpedo amidships that caused a heavy list, and she fell out of line. Another sweep began on 6 March, but had to be abandoned the following day as the weather grew too severe for the escorting destroyers. [78] The severe damage to Resolution caused Operation Menace to be abandoned and Barham had to tow her to Freetown for temporary repairs, before escorting a convoy to Gibraltar where she arrived on 15 October where her own damage was repaired. Experience the final moments of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship, HMS Barham, when it was struck by torpedoes from a German submarine during World War II which resulted in a terrifying explosion. 828 Squadron FAA, With the 5th South African Brigade at Sidi Rezegh, XXXI Guastatori (Assault Engineers) Battalion during CRUSADER, 'Shell Shock' 'Bomb Happy' and the Tobruk Garrison, Successful supply runs for the Axis - November 1941, New Article - Italy's Light Cruiser Force, German Tank Deliveries to North Africa - 02/1941 to 03/1942, Axis merchants lost on the North Africa Route - 1941-1943. Read about our approach to external linking. [93][Note 6] Captain Geoffrey Cooke went down with his ship. After some time we came to a Carley float, to which about six of our shipmates were clinging. Shipwreck H.M.S. "The sinking of the SS Athenia, a civilian liner, was significant not only as the first British shipping loss of the war but as an example of a Nazi attempt to promote 'fake news'. Chamberlain's famous "this country is at war with Germany" broadcast was delivered shortly after 11 in the morning. [100] The crew are commemorated by a memorial bench, located in Nothe Gardens, Weymouth. [56], Between January 1931 and January 1934, Barham underwent a major refit. "If I hadn't dived headfirst and knocked myself out, I would be dead, too.". Clinging to a piece of wreckage, Richard was picked up by an Australian destroyer, along with other survivors. [24], The Grand Fleet departed for a cruise in the North Sea on 26 February 1916; Jellicoe had intended to use the Harwich Force to sweep the Heligoland Bight, but bad weather prevented operations in the southern North Sea. [27] Barham slipped her mooring at 22:08 and was followed by the rest of Beatty's ships. The loss of HMS Barham contributed to the very high number of losses at sea suffered by the Royal Navy in the period of Operation CRUSADER, about which I have written at this link. Experience the final moments of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship, HMS Barham, when it was struck by torpedoes from a German submarine during World War II which resulted in a terrifying explosion.. Together they had two children, three grandchildren and three great grandchildren. The latter was only struck by a single shell splinter before the Allies broke off the bombardment at 10:07, although she had hit Barham once with a 155mm (6.1in) shell[74] that blew a hole 4 feet (1.2m) in diameter in the bulge. A fortnight later, she was attacked by the U-30 which put her out of commission for six months with a single torpedo hit. The battle was known as "Operation Crusader" to the British, the 2nd (British) Offensive to the Italians, and as the 'Winterschlacht' (winter battle) to the Germans. Rawlings took over temporarily from P-W who became Vice Admiral Light Forces. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Her complete service history can be found. [42] Barham returned fire at the battlecruisers at 17:02, together with Valiant, the two northernmost of Evan-Thomas's ships, and the two of them made three hits on the battlecruiser SMSSeydlitz and Ltzow between 17:06 and 17:13 while Barham was hit twice more by Derfflinger; although neither of the hits did any significant damage. [74] During this time Barham was struck by a 24cm shell that penetrated through the superstructure before exploding with little effect and without causing any casualties. The sea, which had fortunately been smooth as BARHAM sank was, as far as I could see, a vast area of oil fuel and debris, with at that time no signs of life. [23] During another training exercise in early December, the ship was accidentally rammed by her sister ship Warspite on 3 December. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth -class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. During her abbreviated sea trials on 6 July 1916, Barham only reached a mean top speed of 23.91 knots (44.28km/h; 27.52mph). It is also renowned for the shocking footage shown on Pathe News and more recently watched almost two million times on YouTube recording the listing ship being blown to pieces when its magazine exploded. She was briefly deployed to Haifa in May 1936 at the beginning of the Arab revolt in Palestine. On 24 May, the fleet conducted another demonstration off Horns Reef to keep German attention focused on the North Sea. I was in H.M.S. [54] At that time, Captain Norman Wodehouse relieved Scott. We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. Something went wrong, please try again later. BARHAM, serving as Flag lieutenant to the 2nd in command of the Mediterranean Fleet (Vice Admiral Sir H.D. HMS Barham was at the time engaged in an operation to engage potential enemy convoys, together with the other two battleships of the Mediterranean Fleet, HMS Queen Elizabeth (flag) and HMS Valiant, escorted by nine destroyers. Recently, there was a major problem with the sunken fleet tanker USS Mississinewa - huge amounts of oil were leaking from the wreck and required a major cleanup. It is split in the aft section where the torpedo hit, but otherwise is sitting proud of the sediment and looks to be in reasonable shape. https://www.britishpathe.com/ It is just over 49 years since H.M.S. The attack on an unarmed passenger liner was a clear breach of international protocols. 340, 346, 349, 354355, 358, Jones, pp. [26], In an attempt to lure out and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, the High Seas Fleet, composed of 16 dreadnoughts, 6 pre-dreadnoughts, 6 light cruisers, and 31 torpedo boats, departed the Jade early on the morning of 31 May. Two minutes later, Beatty ordered a course change to east-southeast, positioning the British ships to cut off the German's line of retreat, and signalled action stations. Contents 1 Service 1.1 First World War This increased her metacentric height to about 7 feet (2.1m) at deep load, despite the increase in her deep displacement to 35,970 long tons (36,550t). Jones refers to the 861 men listed in the casualty list published by, Burt 2012a, p. 85; Raven & Roberts, pp. Richard grew up in Penrith Road, Belgrave, joining the Royal Navy as a boy seaman, aged 15. U-boat commander Fritz Julius Lemp had mistaken the liner for an armed cruiser and the German naval authorities tried to cover up the sub's actions. BARHAM was torpedoed by U.331 and lost off the Western Desert of Egypt - off Sollum and Sidi Barrani. [83] As part of Operation Collar in late November, Barham, Malaya and the carrier HMSEagle covered the forces rendezvousing with a convoy coming from Gibraltar. [16] The ship, named after Admiral Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham,[17] was laid down at their Clydebank shipyard on 24 February 1913 and launched on 31 December 1914. "It always takes me back to that day in November 1941," he said. [54] On 14 October 1925, Captain Francis Marten relieved Hill, but he retained command only until 9 March 1926 when Captain Joseph Henley assumed command. [13] When Barham conducted her sea trials on 20 November 1933, her speed was reduced to 22.5 knots (41.7km/h; 25.9mph) from 65,655shp (48,959kW). [10], The turret roofs were reinforced to a thickness of 5 inches (127mm) and the armour added over the magazines after Jutland was replaced by 4 inches of Krupp non-cemented armour, the first British battleship to receive such. They even attempted to blame the sinking on Winston Churchill, who on that very day - 3 September, 1939 - was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. The German submarine U-331 sunk the Barham off the coast of Egypt in November 1941 causing the loss of two-thirds of her crew of 862 men. HMS Barham (04) [+1941] Details general nationality: british purpose: war type: battleship subtype/class: Queen Elisabeth class battleship class propulsion: steam turbine date built: 1913 status: dead (not found) While covering the evacuation of Crete the following day, the ship was attacked by Junkers Ju 88 bombers from II./LG (Demonstration Wing) 1 and Heinkel He 111 bombers of II./KG (Bomber Wing) 26. The ship was not hit, but was forced to return to port under the cover of a heavy smoke screen. Barham's signallers were unable to read the signal and her officer of the watch presumed that it was the expected point zigzag to the left of the base course and signalled that course change to the rest of the squadron. [54], On the afternoon of 24 November 1941, the 1st Battle Squadron, Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant, with an escort of eight destroyers, departed Alexandria to cover the 7th and 15th Cruiser Squadrons as they hunted for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. Ten minutes later, the ship radioed "Two cruisers, probably hostile, in sight" They were actually two German destroyers that had stopped to check a Danish merchant ship's papers. BARHAM was torpedoed by U.331 and lost off the Western Desert of Egypt off Sollum and Sidi Barrani. [3], The Queen Elizabeth class was equipped with eight breech-loading (BL) 15-inch (381mm) Mk I guns in four twin-gun turrets, in two superfiring pairs fore and aft of the superstructure, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. Naval Historical Society of Australia Inc. Life on the Line tracks down Australian war veterans and records their stories. Barham quickly capsized to port and was lying on her side when a massive magazine explosion occurred about four minutes after she was torpedoed and sank her. A salvo of torpedoes from a German submarine struck from close range on HMS Barham on November 25, 1941 in the Mediterranean. The wreck of a Royal Navy warship which sank in 1682 while carrying the future king James Stuart has been identified off the coast of Norfolk. For Archive Licensing Enquiries Visit: https://goo.gl/W4hZBv Explore Our Online Channel For FULL Documentaries, Fascinating Interviews \u0026 Classic Movies: https://goo.gl/7dVe8r #BritishPath #History #WWII #Navy #RoyalNavySubscribe to the British Path YT Channel: https://goo.gl/hV1nkf Dramatic Newsreel footage captured the sinking of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship. 713 x 435. LOVE YOU ALL: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Before leaving the Bridge to make my attempt to escape, the conning tower of a submarine surfaced about one hundred and fifty yards from the port side, and remained exposed for perhaps half a minute before the U boat dived again. 862 men went down with her, and her end was filmed by a war correspondent on board one of the escorting On the night of 25 March, Barham and the rest of the fleet sailed from Scapa Flow to support Beatty's battlecruisers and other light forces raiding the German Zeppelin base at Tondern. [73], After the expiration of an ultimatum to surrender the following morning, the battleships engaged the port's 24-centimetre (9.4in) coast-defence guns and Richelieu at 09:30. During the Second World War, a spate of misfortunes had dogged the HMS Barham. Throughout the next day, Jellicoe and Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer, commander of the High Seas Fleet, received conflicting intelligence; after reaching the location in the North Sea where they expected to encounter the High Seas Fleet, the British turned north in the erroneous belief that they had entered a minefield. "I didn't know which way was up or down and thought that was it, I'm going to die I had given up and remember thinking, I hope it's quick.". [101], Helen Duncan, considered the last person to be imprisoned under the Witchcraft Act 1735, came to the attention of the authorities after claiming to have contacted the spirit of a sailor of Barham, at the time when the ship's sinking was being hidden from the general public. A new beautiful success. [6], The ship was fitted with flying-off platforms mounted on the roofs of 'B' and 'X' turrets in 1918, from which fighters and reconnaissance aircraft could launch. To the untrained eye, sonar imagery can be difficult to interpret, but Mr Mearns says the dimensions of the target match exactly what would be expected of a 160m-long, 13,500-tonne passenger liner. BARHAM's explosion after being torpedoed. The Grand Fleet sailed with 29 dreadnoughts and 6 battlecruisers while the Germans mustered 18 dreadnoughts and 2 battlecruisers. Sinking of Royal Navy Battleship HMS Barham.A legendary battleship with a history at Jutland, during World War 2 HMS Barham was stationed with the Royal Navy's Eastern Mediterranean fleet in Egypt.. On the afternoon of the 24th November of 1941, HMS Barham, sailed to provide cover for the 7th and 15th Royal Navy Cruiser Squadrons. By the afternoon the submarine and the 1st Battle Squadron were on reciprocal courses and Tiesenhausen ordered his boat to battle stations around 16:00. Second World War (1939-1945) Sidi Barrani. In preparation for Operation Menace, a British naval attack on Dakar, Senegal, prior to a planned landing by the Free French, the ship was detached from the Home Fleet on 28 August and was assigned to Force M, the Royal Navy component of the operation. The sonar contact matches the dimensions of the Athenia in all details, When she left Liverpool on 2 September, three-quarters of her passengers were women and children, A Punch magazine cartoon: No-one in Britain accepted the German explanation, The Athenia still draws interest because of the many stories associated with the sinking, Built in Glasgow: The city has an exhibition at the Riverside Museum, The five other wrecks David Mearns would like to investigate, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. At 14:15, Beatty ordered a turn north by east to rendezvous with the Grand Fleet. "We've got several items on display including the watch from the ship's cook. Introduction Hoping the wind is strong enough, http://sommecourt.wordpress.com/2010/10/09/walking-d-day/, Luftwaffe Order of Battle in the Mediterranean, New Book about Italian Air Force Unit in NA, No.33 Squadron and Fighter Ace Lance Wade, BBC Factfile Peoples War Operation Crusader, Royal Artillery Organisation and Fire Control Techniques, Royal New Zealand Artillery Association World War 2, Memoirs of Corporal Mork German Truck Driver in NA, Rommel's Operational Leadership in NA (US Military MA Thesis), The Story of Doug and Eva Blake, King's Own Royal Regiment, Ball of Fire History of 5th Indian Division, History of Panzerregiment 8 15th Panzer, Order of Battle Fliegerfhrer Afrika and Luftwaffe in the Med, Sinking of Sebastiano Venier 9 December 1941, Sounds like the enemy 4th Survey Regiment at war, Table of Equipment Divisional Signals Company 90th Light, The Destruction of Force K Australian Naval Historical Society, Thomas Barkers Diary at Malta No. ! Poem by Rudyard Kipling. Neilson Larry 05/01/2011. Barham was then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, where she covered multiple Malta convoys. On 25 November 1941 one of the heaviest losses of life, and the only loss of a Royal Navy battleship to a submarine at sea, occurred off Bardia, when HMS Barham was torpedoed at extremely short range by U-331, and sank within four minutes. You can see all the lifeboats. Battleship sunk on 25 of November 1941. During a port visit to Corfu in July, the ship was visited by King George II of Greece. 2. Beatty then ordered Evan-Thomas to turn his ships in succession to follow the battlecruisers three minutes later. Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. "We were standing by a ladder two decks below on the mess deck when there was a huge explosion," he said. 1. The 92-year-old, from Leicester, miraculously escaped death when the ship was sunk by a. last updated: andrew gillespie Required fields are marked *. [28][Note 3], When dawn broke Beatty ordered his forces into cruising formation with the 5th Battle Squadron trailing his battle cruisers by five nautical miles (9.3km; 5.8mi). 219220; Raven & Roberts, p. 359; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp. Admiral Angelo Iachino, commander of the Italian fleet, ordered the two other heavy cruisers of the 1st Division to render assistance to Pola in the darkness. The rescue effort by six other ships was nothing short of heroic, according to testimony. His expertise means he has been appointed as a judge on the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE, a $7m incentive to get engineering groups to develop innovative seafloor mapping technologies and strategies. The full truth only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials. The battleship heels over and explodes. [75] The French destroyerLe Hardi sortied from the harbour at 12:00 to rescue a British pilot in the water, but was engaged at 12:53 by the battleships at a range of 12,000 yards (11,000m). [54] Willis was relieved by Captain Thomas Walker on 31 January 1939. All footage can be viewed on the British Path website. The ship was in the Mediterranean when the Second World War began in September 1939 and accidentally collided with and sank one of her escorting destroyers, HMS Duchess, on her voyage home three. The torpedoes seemed to hit the ship amidships just abaft the funnel, judging by the waterspout in that general area, of which I had a ringside view from the Admirals Bridge. On December 12 1939, she collided with a destroyer, the HMS Duchess, sinking her in the mishap. "There was my friend Ted Clow, from Oadby, but he died last December, aged 93.". [89] The following morning, the German submarineU-331, commanded by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Diedrich von Tiesenhausen, detected the faint engine noises of the British ships and moved to intercept. After the battle fleet left Alexandria all was uneventful, and during the early afternoon of 25th November, course was reversed, and the Force proceeded back towards Alex. BARHAM was an old timer of the QUEEN ELIZABETH class, and a veteran of the Battle of Jutland. Three minutes later, she sighted the topmasts of Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer's battleships, but did not report this for another five minutes. Print This Page. A near miss ruptured her portside bulge over an area 20 by 16 feet (6.1 by 4.9m) and caused a 1.5 degree list that was easily corrected by pumping oil. The following morning, they were spotted by an aircraft from the carrier Formidable and the Battle of Cape Matapan began. He is now involved in efforts to change this. The terrifying explosion was caught on film by Path cameraman John Turner who was on an adjacent ship. Richard Laland is one of only two survivors from the doomed battleship HMS Barham still alive today. Merlin Burrows have found and pin-pointed the exact location of the wreck of HMS Barham - a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship built for the Royal Navy in February 1913. [34] A minute later she scored one hit on the German ship's stern before she was ordered to switch targets to the battlecruiser SMSMoltke, together with her sister Valiant. The gun turrets were protected by 11 to 13 inches (279 to 330mm) of KC armour and were supported by barbettes 710 inches (178254mm) thick. [85] They opened fire at point-blank range, Barham crippling the destroyer Alfredo Oriani and then joining Warspite and Valiant in crippling Zara. Three minutes later another shell hit the aft superstructure, severing the antenna cables of the main wireless station. While sailing eastwards, the aircraft carrier Illustrious was detached from the main body to attack Taranto on the night of 11/12 November, damaging three Italian battleships. 377, 386, Admiralty Historical Section, pp. Between them, Barham and Valiant hit Moltke four times from 16:16 to 16:26, but only one of those hits can be attributed to Valiant. However, as the ship plunged to the sea floor, a surge of water pushed Richard upwards. This required maximum offensive power and a speed several knots faster than any other battleship to allow them to defeat any type of ship. [35], At 16:30, the light cruiser Southampton, scouting in front of Beatty's ships, spotted the lead elements of the High Seas Fleet coming north at top speed. She later became the flagship of Force M's commander, Vice-Admiral John Cunningham. She helped to sink an Italian heavy cruiser and a destroyer during the Battle of Cape Matapan in March 1941 and was damaged by German aircraft two months later during the evacuation of Crete. copyrights: Unknown. !, YOU ARE NOT FORGOTTEN, Casualties of MEN/HEROES-SERVING IN H.M.S. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. If it happened, British Path filmed it. Mediterranean. Welcome to the HMS Barham Association website On 25th November 1941, 841 men lost their lives when this battleship was sunk during the 2nd world war. Jan Lettens 02/08/2012. The shell struck just below the waterline and burst on impact with the belt armour. She was sunk during the Second World War on 25 November 1941 by the German submarine U-331 . This is another problematic issue in which sources differ to which Gordon devotes an entire chapter. Craske), the Admiral and S.W.O. [54], On 3 January 1941, the ship, together with Warspite and Valiant, bombarded Bardia as a prelude to the Battle of Bardia. Vice Admiral Light Forces side plating on the opposite side of the Second command... Arab revolt in Palestine W.W.II naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario Canada... Was on an adjacent ship three minutes later another shell hit the aft,.... `` power and a speed several knots faster than any other battleship to them... Maximum offensive power and a veteran of the Second World War, a surge of water pushed upwards... 340, 346, 349, 354355, 358, Jones, pp the main wireless station antenna cables the. Country is at War with Germany '' broadcast was delivered shortly after 11 in the.! Historical Section, pp `` It always takes me back to that day in November 1941 by the German U-331. And knocked myself out, I would be dead, too... May, the ship was visited by King George II of Greece day in November 1941, said... Me back to that day in November 1941, '' said Riverside Emily. Cameraman John Turner who was on an adjacent ship December, aged 93..! Dead, too. `` dead, too. `` Warspite on 3.. Jones, pp several items on display including the watch from the doomed battleship Barham. With a destroyer, the battleship had listed over to port under the cover of a heavy smoke screen during... Time we came to a Carley float, to which about six our! International protocols battlecruisers while the Germans mustered 18 dreadnoughts and 6 battlecruisers while the Germans mustered 18 and! Dreadnoughts and 6 battlecruisers while the Germans mustered 18 dreadnoughts and 6 battlecruisers while the mustered... Road, Belgrave, joining the Royal Navy as a boy seaman, aged 93 ``! Ship Warspite on 3 December sources differ to which Gordon devotes an entire chapter to Haifa in May at! Admiralty Historical Section, pp Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada devotes an entire.... 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