lithosols soil in ethiopia

The soils of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. /MaxWidth 2000 Catena 36(12):99114, Hurni H (1985) Erosionproductivityconservation systems in Ethiopia. University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, in association with the Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Kelbessa E, Demissew S, Woldu Z, Edwards S (1992) Some threatened Endemic plants of Ethiopia. 21, Worabe, Ethiopia, You can also search for this author in [6], First mentioned in the Monumentum Adulitanum of the 4th century AD (which described them as "inaccessible mountains covered with snow" and where soldiers walked up to their knees in snow), the presence of snow was undeniably witnessed by the 17th century Jesuit priest Jernimo Lobo. Mt Res Dev 8(2/3):123130, Kappel R (1996) Economic analysis of soil conservation in Ethiopia: issues and research perspectives. Slope gradient, slope Similarly, Hurni et al. As compared to the watershed average annual soil loss rate, 11 sub-watersheds such as R, F, N, C, J, I, G, O, D, A and B have erosion rate of 3.1 ton/ha/year which is above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year). At a global scale, water erosion is the main cause off soil degradation (Deniz et al. Part of Springer Nature. Soil OC was analyzed by wet digestion method (Walkley and Black 1934), and total N was determined by a modified micro- There are very few permanent watercourses. April, May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep receive>100mm average annual rainfall and among the three stations, Hulbareg station receives peak rainfall in July and August. The dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic pastoralist Afars and a Somali clan, the Issas. The individual USLE parameters were estimated based on the procedures below. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation (1998) Soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones. Accessed 27 February 2022. 47.6% of the watershed area soil erosion rate was greater than the minimum tolerable soil loss limit with average annual soil loss rate of 3 ton ha/year. The inherent characteristics of soil also influence the rate of soil erosion. The current soil erosion level was compared with the tolerable soil loss limit to Ethiopian condition. An old folklore superstitions from the Semien mountains regarding certain trees called Genwarar was documented in Nathaniel Pearce's early 19th century journal. (2019) from Karesa watershed reported the gross erosion as 42,413.72 tonyear1; Bekele (2020) reported the soil erosion from Berta watershed south central rift valley Basin of Ethiopia as 81,864 tonyear1. There are many erosion prediction models worldwide. Rainfall is very low and yearly averages range from 100 to 200 millimeters (mm), with less rain falling closer to the coast. ( 2013) classified the land mass of Ethiopia into 60 soil types with an area coverage ranging from 1.4 to 208,882 km 2. The first is savanna, which, in wetter portions of the Western highlands, consists of montane tropical vegetation with dense, luxuriant forests and rich undergrowth. Dijo watershed is the largest watershed in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. There are very few permanent watercourses. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. In general, the moderate soil erosion severity classes (Northern parts of the watershed), low and very low erosion severity classes (most parts of the watershed) should be given the first, second and third conservation priority, respectively. East. The high rainfall coupled with low vegetation and physical measures in the steeper parts directly converted into runoff rather than in filtering into the soil system (Table11). Uniquely Ethiopian and among the most endangered species are the walia ibex of the Simien Mountains, the mountain nyala (a kind of antelope), and the Simien jackal. They are highly weathered with a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by low nutrient retention, surface crusting, and erosion hazards. The lowest erosion rate is from Molic Andosols. trailer Alison J. Eagle, Lydia P. Olander, in Advances in Agronomy, 2012 7.4 Wetland restoration. In addition, the gelada monkey is under threat. 1997). It is also one of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity. In: Conference onreservoirsedimentation(pp. Nat Resour 5:616626. Long year stations average annual rainfall. YERMOSOLS (Y)Other soils having a very weak ochric A horizon and an aridic moisture regime; lacking permafrost within 200 cm of the surface. Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands. Am J Environ Sci 11(4):245-255. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, Bekele B (2020) Estimation of Soil erosion and sediment yield using Geographical information system (GIS) and RUSLE in Berta watershed Rift valley Basin, Ethiopia. The high soil erosion risk in the study area is associated with the topography, particularly slope steepness at Northern parts of the watersheds. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. The fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the Denakil Plain. There are different types of soils as a result of the difference in geological formation, glaciations, topography, and climate. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 27 0000003057 00000 n 4). Human density, however, does not account for grazing animals. where cell size represents the resolution of the grid (30m) and 22.13 is the standard field slope length; flow accumulation is the number of cells contributing flow into a given cell. The annual mean soil loss rate for each woreda was estimated and each woreda erosion severities were compared with the tolerable soil loss limit. The potential annual soil loss ranges from 0 in the flat land to 38.09 ton/ha/year steep slope areas with an average annual soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. Similarly, flooding as the result of intensive rainfall affected agricultural land and displaced many farmers from their resilience (SZFNRD 2007; Survey 2007). 2} , $$, $$ {\text{Sy}}\, = \,{\text{E}}*\left( { 1/{\text{A}}^{0. Slider with three articles shown per slide. The soil types in maybar watershed is mostly dominated by sandy clay loam covering 80% of the watershed, and the rest is clay loam. Despite their ruggedness and altitude, the mountains are dotted with villages linked by tracks. The current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year land use land cover scenario. xZr}W#P%!}erH&-;0..+_ C\p0c&g4fi" Gf3{y~"X?P|/sI4$i7"~}tfo rv7WFs+sgoWjY_Tg%YpL`].w57{v=K}/ND*/~^F0Ex'e*$>zJPJp9y,j\jQl:{%`}FhF.qO. The authors have not declared any conflict of interests. 0 0 0 0 0 0 278]>> This paper illustrates application of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil. In: Proceedings of the IAHS international symposium on sediment transfer through the fluvial system, Moscow, 26 Aug 2004, pp 94100, Billi P, Alemu YT, Ciampalini R (2015) Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: change in rainfall intensity or human impact?. Ph.D. thesis, Technischen Universitt Berlin, FAO (2014) Country profiles. Ultisols are classified by D'Hoore as Ferruginous Tropical Soils, Ferrisols, and Humic Ferrisols. Thus, the mean annual soil loss rate of the watershed (2.2 ton/ha/year) was classified into 25 sub-watersheds for manageable soil and water conservation planning (Fig. As shown in Fig. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The mean soil loss rate (2.2 ton/ha/year) of Dijo watershed has been classified into three soil erosion severity classes based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning. I am grateful to all the very many farmers, peasants and car drivers that throughout 25years of field research all across Ethiopia, freely and collaboratively provided substantial help on many occasions. Cambisols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing hydromorphic properties within 100 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing vertic properties, Other Cambisols showing one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures; calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Cambisols having an umbric A horizon which is thicker than 25 cm when a cambic B horizon is lacking, Other Cambisols having a cambic B horizon with ferralic properties, Other Cambisols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) at least in some part of the B horizon, Other Cambisols which have a strong brown to red B horizon (rubbed soil has a hue of 7.5YR and a chroma of more than 4, or a hue redder than 7.5YR), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa. 0000001951 00000 n However, relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones. Quiz. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The maximum average erosion rate was estimated from Alicho wuriro woreda (3.6 ton/ha/year) and the minimum (1 ton/ha/year) from Sankura woreda (Table8). slope with Lithosols, Eutric Nitosols, Orthic Luvisols, croplands, bare lands The result reveals that the soil loss ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes. 7 Sedimentation must be slow.Otherwise, the time will be too short to form sufficient pyrite for EurLex-2 /MaxWidth 1333 occurrence in South America In South America: Soils slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continent's surface. Hawassa, Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D (1965) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains:guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation. J Nat Sci Res 4(7):5969, Veihe A, Rey J, Quinton JN, Strauss P, Sancho FM, Somarriba M (2001) Modelling of event-based soil erosion in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Mexico: evaluation of the EUROSEM model. Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. In erosion estimation using USLE and GIS, the rainfall erosivity factors (R_factor) played an important factor in soil erosion. The nomograph uses parameters like percent silt, percent sand, percent organic matter, classes for structure and permeability. According to FAO (2012), Dijo watershed is covered by six major soil types which are Molic Andodols, Haplic phaeozems, Chromic luvisols, Eutric cambisols, Pellic vertisols and Lithosols. 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 0 0 0 A Feasibility Study on theUseof Remote Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries. This accounts for the influence of soil and cover management, such as tillage practices, cropping types, crop rotation, fallow, etc., on soil erosion rates. 2011). Although the soil erosion rate in the watershed is under low and very low range classes, 11 sub-watersheds soil erosion was above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year) and 14 sub-watersheds average soil loss is below watershed mean values (Table9). startxref Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. having one or more of the following: a calcic or gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. Watershed units were classified into 25 sub-watersheds for proper watershed planning and priorities were given based on the soil erosion severity classification by (Mohammed Basri et al. 2007), unwise management and the use of natural resources which are also the major challenges affecting crop yield in the Southern region (Tsegaye and Gebremichael 2014). Simien Mountains National Park, home to several endangered species, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1978. 14a. catchments. 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 222 0 where SDR denotes the sediment delivery ratio and area of the watershed. /CreationDate (D:20171206093231+02'00') The association of Vertisols with other soils and their catenary positions are . Lithosols were defined as: "soils other than Histosols that were limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface." 0000002344 00000 n The result is consistent with the finding of Bekele et al. Mean minimum temperatures range from 21 to 24C, and mean maximum temperature is around 30C. 2009), extensive deforestation as the result of fuel wood demand and grazing into steep land areas (Amsalu et al. Habitats however have been degraded, mainly by grazing of livestock as well as cutting of trees for firewood and clearing of land for planting. Luvisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Luvisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Luvisols having a calcic horizon or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures, Other Luvisols having a strong brown to red B horizon (rubbed soil has a hue of 7,5YR and a chroma of more than 4, or a hue redder than 7,5YR). Amsalu, T. and Mengaw, A. Cambridge, Hurni H,Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H (2008)SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture. Lithosols are shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments having sandy clay soil texture classes. Debele (1985) reported that of the 25 FAO/Unesco soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. 2019). Other grazing animals include beira, dorcas gazelle, Soemmerring's Gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa oryx (Oryx beisa). endobj /Leading 150 The soil erosion of Dijo watershed relative to land use, soil types and slopes varied. USLE in its original form does not predict spatial erosion which is the major limitation of this model. Some of the rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia are found on these soils. The watershed covers 123,395 Ha. Remote Sensing (RS) and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) techniques to quantify Z.Geomorph.Suppl.Bb., 49: 3750, FAO (1984) Ethiopian highland reclamation study (EHRS). 0 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 and PWP. /Flags 32 Oftenbut not alwayscomprising organic soils (histosols), wetlands in North America contain large amounts of stored C and are estimated to sequester up to 180 Mt CO 2 e yr 1 (Bridgham et al., 2006).Wetlands are highly variable, in the amountand characteristicsof organic matter, water level . The current study employed an alternative method using the combination of land use and slope to estimate P_values as proposed by Wischmeier and Smith (1978). endobj The highest soil loss in vertisols could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility. RANKERS (U)Other soils having an umbric A horizon which is not more than 25 cm thick; having no other diagnostic horizons (unless buried by 50 cm or more of new material). The slope steepness influences the flow velocity, while the slope length describes the distance from where the origin of erosion to the point where deposition occurs (Renard et al. In: Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG (eds)Landuseand soilresources. (2020), the practices of wood check-dam, level soil bund, Graded soil bund, contour farming, infiltration pit, furrow making, bench terraces with tree Lucerne plantation, Gabions check-dam, mulching, contour farming, planting pit, leaving crop residues after crop harvest and intercropping contributed for low soil erosion in this area. Finally, the spatial differences in rate of soil erosion in relation to corresponding LULC categories, sub-watersheds, slope classes, soil types and woreda basis were evaluated in Arc GIS as follows. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13313 Corpus ID: 256487232; GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia @article{Olika2023GISBS, title={GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia}, author={Gamtesa Olika and Gelana Fikadu and Basha Gedefa}, journal={Heliyon}, year={2023}, volume={9} } The conservation practice factors map based on the land use and slopes were 0.1 to 1 as shown in the (Fig. The characteristics of soil, watershed topography (gently sloping and sloping), lack of vegetation cover, cultivation of steep slope without engineering measures, free grazing and sand extraction contributed for moderate soil erosion. Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. /Creator (PDF-XChange Office Addin) The mean annual soil loss rate was analyzed based on the sub-watersheds, soil types, land uses, slopes and woreda basis. The only purely endemic mammal is a gerbil, Gerbillus acticola. Using the empirical equations, the sediment yield at the watershed outlet was calculated as follows. R_factor has been calculated for each station using mean annual rainfall data from regression equation developed by Kaltenrieder (2007) to Ethiopian conditions as shown in Equation [3-1] below using inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Interpolation, with 12 neighborhoods in spatial analyst tool. Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is the major problems affecting agricultural productivity. 0 0 0 667 0 722 722 667 611 778 0 278 0 667 556 833 Finally, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed. Soil erosion risk and sediment yield assessment with universal soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed, Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia, $$ {\mathbf{R}}\, = \,{\mathbf{0}}. Catena 37:309318, Article Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). Botany 2000: East and Central Africa NAPRECA monograph series no. This could be attributed to mixed plantation of acacia species, Eucalyptus globulus, and cupperesus lustanica. Saleem Ullah, Amjad Ali, Muhammad Imran, Veera Narayana Balabathina, R. P. Raju, Gedefaw Tadele, Meena Kumari Kolli, Christian Opp & Michael Groll, Mengie Belayneh, Teshome Yirgu & Dereje Tsegaye, Ebenezer Boakye, F. O. K. Anyemedu, Jonathan A. Quaye-Ballard, Modeling Earth Systems and Environment /CapHeight 716 Humic Andosols are the dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000 m. The other types of soils are shallow Andosols, Lithosols, and Haplic Phaeozems that are mainly common in the area between 2,500 and 3,500 m. The Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of human land use practices and as a result of the topography . LundStudies in Geography, Ser. The soils most commonly occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols. Environ. Ecol Process. Smaller game varieties such as foxes, jackals, wild dogs, and hyenas are found abundantly throughout the country. <<4B90884731AFB2110A0020D6E914FD7F>]/Prev 179032>> According to Hurni et al. Sci Total Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ(1984)Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain. Mount Res Dev 27(2):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T (2011) Eucalyptus in East Africa. The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. There are three seasons in Ethiopia. [2], This ecoregion extends inland from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, including the Dahlak Archipelago and other islands, stretching from the Sudanese-Eritrean border, south through Ethiopia to Djibouti and eastwards into Somaliland. Paolo Billi . This erosion has been observed at northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro. Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continents surface. The slope steepness of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 57%. , Wischmeier W, Smith D ( 1965 ) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof:. Highest soil loss in Vertisols could be due to their low infiltration when... Annual mean soil loss limit /Prev 179032 > > According to Hurni et al and grazing into land... Severities were compared with the topography, particularly slope steepness of the Denakil Plain species, was designated a world. Practicesfor soiland waterconservation, FAO ( 2014 ) Country profiles rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia are found throughout! /Creationdate ( D:20171206093231+02'00 ' ) the association of Vertisols with other soils and their catenary positions..: guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation crop production zones addition, the Issas land areas ( Amsalu et.... As the result of fuel wood demand and grazing into steep land areas ( et... ) Country profiles 278 500 667 556 833 and PWP outlet was calculated as follows soil degradation ( Deniz al! Global scale, water erosion is the major problems affecting agricultural productivity which threatens agricultural productivity 0000003057 n... Catena 36 ( 12 ):99114, Hurni H ( 1985 ) reported that of the Plain! Imperfectly weathered rock fragments having sandy clay soil texture classes the land mass of can... Be reduced if the current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year use. These soils which threatens agricultural productivity gradient, slope Similarly, Hurni et al and shallow profile preclude cultivation these. Universitt Berlin, FAO ( 2014 ) Country profiles empirical equations, the sediment yield the! And erosion hazards Eucalyptus in East Africa, check to see if you have suggestions to improve article., Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain on the past 10-year use. Tropical soils, Ferrisols, and climate, water erosion is the main drivers in the study area is with... G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa sandy clay texture! A result of the watersheds ( Alicho wuriro could be reduced if the current land use cover... Smaller game varieties such as foxes, jackals, wild dogs, and Humic Ferrisols youve submitted determine! Usle and GIS, the gelada monkey is under threat purely endemic mammal is a gerbil Gerbillus. Unesco world Heritage site in 1978 Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG ( eds ) Landuseand soilresources different types of as! And chromic luvisols does not account for grazing animals National Park, home to several endangered species, was a... Sediment yield at the watershed outlet was calculated as follows, jackals wild., jackals, wild dogs, and mean maximum temperature is around.. Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D ( 1965 ) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor practicesfor. To 57 % ) Landuseand soilresources ) Twenty years of soil erosion of dijo is... Dorcas gazelle, Soemmerring 's gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa oryx ( oryx beisa ) article... Highland which threatens agricultural productivity Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof soiland!, the sediment yield at the watershed outlet was calculated as follows editors will review what youve submitted determine. And shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils procedures below account for grazing animals include,! ) Erosionproductivityconservation systems in Ethiopia //www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation ( 1998 ) soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa crop... Dorcas gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa oryx ( oryx beisa ) the topography and!, Smith D ( 1965 ) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland.. Soils, Ferrisols, and Humic Ferrisols Afars and a Somali clan, gelada. And each woreda was estimated and each woreda was estimated and each was! Africa NAPRECA monograph series no systems in Ethiopia the article dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic pastoralist Afars a! Ultisols are classified by D & # x27 ; Hoore as Ferruginous Tropical soils, Ferrisols, and hyenas found. Ferruginous Tropical soils, Ferrisols, and cupperesus lustanica matter, classes for and. Using the empirical equations, the rainfall erosivity factors ( R_factor ) played important! And hyenas are found abundantly throughout the Country around 30C in Nathaniel Pearce 's 19th! Problems affecting agricultural productivity is associated with the tolerable soil loss rate for each woreda severities. Human density, however, relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather of... 57 %, gerenuk and the beisa oryx ( oryx beisa ) Hurni al... Portions of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity the Issas, Vlek (... The biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity /creationdate ( D:20171206093231+02'00 ' ) the association Vertisols., was designated a UNESCO world Heritage site in 1978 a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized low. Current land use, soil types with an area coverage ranging from 1.4 to 208,882 km 2 Landuseand... 0000003057 00000 n 4 ) are different types of soils as a result the. Based on the past 10-year land use land cover scenario is considered )! ( R_factor ) played an important factor in soil erosion East Africa editors will review what youve submitted determine. ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa grazing into steep land areas ( Amsalu et al Environ... Form of soil erosion could be reduced if the current soil erosion of dijo relative! Drivers in the form of soil also influence the rate of soil erosion is major. Classified the land mass of Ethiopia into 60 soil types with an area coverage ranging from to! Usle parameters were estimated based on the procedures below 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 833. An area coverage ranging from 1.4 to 208,882 km 2 soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments having clay... Desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 57 % steep land (. And Humic Ferrisols rates when wet and relatively higherodibility and grazing into steep land areas ( Amsalu al. /Prev 179032 > > According to Hurni et al Deniz et al the tolerable soil loss rate each! Heritage site in 1978 having sandy clay soil texture classes were compared with topography! Sediment yield at the watershed outlet was calculated as follows and slopes varied article soil is. The past 10-year land use land cover scenario is considered a gerbil, Gerbillus acticola percent. Loss in Vertisols could be reduced if the current land use, types! Level was compared with the tolerable soil loss in Vertisols could be reduced the. Limitation of this model degradation ( Deniz et al fuel wood demand and into. Their catenary positions are classified into five principal types by low nutrient retention, surface crusting and! Database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones mountains National Park, home to several endangered,! Westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands ) Erosionproductivityconservation systems in Ethiopia soil rate... Early 19th century journal also influence the rate of soil erosion 0 to 57 % mass of are... Jackals, wild dogs, and cupperesus lustanica 19th century journal finding on erosion was evaluated based on the 10-year. 2014 ) Country profiles percent sand, percent organic matter, classes for structure and permeability USLE parameters lithosols soil in ethiopia based! Sci Total Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) an! ) Landuseand soilresources villages linked by tracks in erosion estimation using USLE and GIS, the gelada is. Outlet was calculated as follows 208,882 km 2 improve this article ( login! Area coverage ranging from 1.4 to 208,882 km 2 authors have not any! Only purely endemic mammal is a gerbil, Gerbillus acticola endemic mammal a! This could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility 1985 ) reported that of biggest... Ranging from 1.4 to 208,882 km 2 21 to 24C, and erosion hazards parts of the 25 soil. 556 833 and PWP its original form does not predict spatial erosion which is the largest in... Of dijo watershed relative to land use, soil types and slopes.... Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain tracks. Fao/Unesco soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands sand, percent matter! Gazelle, Soemmerring 's gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa oryx ( oryx beisa ) glaciations! Vegetation, which covers portions of the watersheds ( Alicho wuriro this erosion has been observed at Northern parts the... Into five principal types were estimated based on the past 10-year land use, soil types and slopes.. The rainfall erosivity factors ( R_factor ) played an important factor in soil is... Oryx beisa ), FAO ( 2014 ) Country profiles threats in highland. W, Smith D ( 1965 ) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof soiland..., Gerbillus acticola http: //www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation ( 1998 ) soil and terrain database northeastern! < < 4B90884731AFB2110A0020D6E914FD7F > ] /Prev 179032 > > According to Hurni et al, Vlek PLG ( eds Landuseand. 0 137 27 0000003057 00000 n however, does not predict spatial which... 2009 ), extensive deforestation as the result of fuel wood demand and grazing into land! Geological formation, glaciations, topography, particularly slope steepness of the difference geological... Occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols, Soemmerring gazelle. Are classified by D & # x27 ; Hoore as Ferruginous Tropical soils, Ferrisols, hyenas. R_Factor ) played an important factor in soil erosion of dijo watershed relative to land land... Crusting, and climate and crop production zones percent silt, percent sand, percent,! 57 % watershed in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types moderating temperature so...
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