[114] A vast majority of the Biblical accounts of King Hezekiah's reign in 2 Kings is dedicated to Sennacherib's campaign, cementing it as the most important event of Hezekiah's time. [56] The Assyrians searched the northern marshes of Babylonia in an attempt to find and capture Shuzubu, but they failed. Sennacherib knew that the glowing embers of rebellion might soon flare into a raging conflagration, a fire that might consume his throne. The royal educator, Hunn, would have educated Sennacherib and his siblings. Shortly after Sennacherib inherited the throne in 705BC, Marduk-apla-iddina retook Babylon and allied with the Elamites. List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources, Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, "Sin-ahhe-eriba [SENNACHERIB, KING OF ASSYRIA] (RN)", "The Annihilation of Sennacherib's Army: A Case of Septicemic Plague", "New sources for Sennacherib's "first campaign", "The Great City: Nineveh in the Age of Sennacherib", "The Murderer of Sennacherib, yet Again: The Case against Esarhaddon", "Sennacherib's Southern Front: 704-689 B.C. Sennacherib (r. 705-681 BCE) was the second king of the Sargonid Dynasty of Assyria (founded by his father Sargon II, r. 722-705 BCE). Arda-Mulissu's coronation was postponed, and Esarhaddon raised an army and seized Nineveh, installing himself as king as intended by Sennacherib. Turning to the east, Sennacherib overwhelmed Philistine Ekron and suspended the bodies of its rebellious leaders on stakes throughout the city. [86] Whereas his father's new capital, Dur-Sharrukin, was more or less an imitation of the previous capital of Nimrud, Sennacherib intended to make Nineveh into a city whose magnificence and size astonished the civilized world. As an Assyrian king of Babylon, Ashur-nadin-shumi's position was politically important and highly delicate and would have granted him valuable experience as the intended heir to the entire Neo-Assyrian Empire. He made Nineveh his capital, building a new palace, extending and beautifying the city, and erecting inner and outer city walls that still stand. [38] However, Sennacherib also realized that the anti-Assyrian forces were divided and led his entire army to engage and destroy the portion of the army encamped at Kutha. The passage describing the seizure of the property of the gods and the destruction of some of their statues is one of the few where Sennacherib uses "my people" rather than "I". However, Sennacherib king of Assyria came and marched into Judah. Though the biblical narrative holds that divine intervention by an angel ended Sennacherib's attack on Jerusalem by destroying the Assyrian army, an outright Assyrian defeat is unlikely as Hezekiah submitted to Sennacherib at the end of the campaign. Esarhaddon's exile put Arda-Mulissu in a difficult position as he had reached the height of his popularity but was powerless to do anything to his brother. [32], In 701BC, Sennacherib first moved to attack the Syro-Hittite and Phoenician cities in the north. [55] One of Sennacherib's first measures was to remove Bel-ibni from the Babylonian throne, either because of incompetence or complicity,[32] and he was brought back to Assyria, whereafter he is not heard of again in the sources. Sennacherib reigned from 720 BC to about 683 BC. [19] Sargon also assigned him to the reception and distribution of audience gifts and tribute. [7] Like his immediate predecessors, Sennacherib took the ruling titles of both Assyria and Babylonia when he became king, but his reign in Babylonia was less stable. According to the narrative, no enemy, not even the powerful king of Assyria, would have been able to triumph over Hezekiah as the Judean king had God on his side. The King's face has been deliberately slashed, perhaps by an enemy soldier at the fall of Nineveh in 612 BC. They will ride the wave of my presence and as my war Eagles they will begin to fly carried by the waves of my presence." He expanded the size of the city and constructed great city walls, numerous temples and a royal garden. [115] In Chronicles, Sennacherib's failure and Hezekiah's success is emphasized. Sennacherib prism. [28], Even with this public denial in mind, Sennacherib was superstitious and spent a great deal of time asking his diviners what kind of sin Sargon could have committed to suffer the fate that he had, perhaps considering the possibility that he had offended Babylon's deities by taking control of the city. The Assyrians thus invaded Judah. The hands of my people laid hold of the gods dwelling there and smashed them; they took their property and goods.I destroyed the city and its houses, from foundation to parapet; I devastated and burned them. [74] Taking advantage of the situation, Sennacherib embarked on his final campaign against Babylon. [104][105] Sennacherib's decision to keep his birth name when he became king rather than assuming a throne name, something at least 19 of his 21 immediate predecessors had done, suggests self-confidence. [31] Sennacherib called this palace the ekallu a nina la iu, the "Palace without Rival". A tent is behind him; there is a chariot in the foreground and bodyguards stationed around. [18] Inscriptions suggest that Sennacherib and Tashmetu-sharrat had a loving relationship, with the king referring to her as "my beloved wife" and publicly praising her beauty. Mirroring the increased standing of the women of the royal family, during Sennacherib's time female deities were depicted more frequently. The siege is discussed not only in contemporary sources, but in later folklore and traditions, such as Aramaic folklore, in later Greco-Roman histories of the Near East and in the tales of medieval Syriac Christians and Arabs. Unlike many preceding and later Assyrian kings (including his father), Sennacherib did not portray himself as a conqueror or express much desire to conquer the world. Tashmetu-sharrat is likely to have been the mother of at least some of them. [33] A minor 704BC[34] campaign (unmentioned in Sennacherib's later historical accounts), led by Sennacherib's magnates rather than the king himself, was sent against Gurd in Tabal to avenge Sargon. Most of Sennacherib's campaigns were not aimed at conquest, but at suppressing revolts against his rule, restoring lost territories and securing treasure to finance his building projects. [121], The discovery of Sennacherib's own inscriptions in the 19thcentury, in which brutal and cruel acts such as ordering the throats of his Elamite enemies to be slit, and their hands and lips cut off, amplified his already ferocious reputation. In Hebrew, his name was rendered as Snryb and in Aramaic it was nryb. [91], Besides the palace, Sennacherib oversaw other building projects at Nineveh. [97], Whether Naqi'a ever held the title of queen is unclear. Sennacherib was born around 740 BCE. [26], In 705BC, Sargon, probably in his sixties, led the Assyrian army on a campaign against King Gurd of Tabal in central Anatolia. . His name appears in the 'Old Testament' of the 'Bible.'. [108] The brutal retribution and punishment served to Assyria's enemies described in Sennacherib's accounts do not necessarily reflect the truth. [44] While a portion of Sennacherib's troops prepared to blockade Jerusalem, Sennacherib himself marched on the important Judean city of Lachish. [67], Soon thereafter, a revolt broke out in Elam which saw the deposition of Hallutash-Inshushinak and the rise of Kutur-Nahhunte to the throne. [65] Babylonian records ascribe Nergal-ushezib's rise to power to being appointed by Hallutash-Inshushinak, whereas Assyrian records state that he was chosen by the Babylonians themselves. In 703BC, after the Tabal expedition had been completed, Sennacherib gathered the Assyrian army at Assur, often used as a mustering spot for campaigns against the south. [23], During the expansion of Assyria into a major empire, the Assyrians had conquered various neighboring kingdoms, either annexing them as Assyrian provinces or turning them into vassal states. [75], Although Sennacherib destroyed the city, he appears to have still been somewhat fearful of Babylon's ancient gods. Sennacherib ignored Arda-Mulissu's repeated appeals to be reinstated as heir, and in 681BC, Arda-Mulissu and his brother Nabu-shar-usur murdered Sennacherib,[b] hoping to seize power for themselves. He may have been compensating for the way he treated his father's memory. Sennacherib (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: Sn-ahh-erba[3] or Sn-a-erba,[4] meaning "Sn has replaced the brothers")[5][6][a] was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father SargonII in 705BC to his own death in 681BC. (Adaside dynasty1700722 BCE)Bel-bani Libaya Sharma-Adad I Iptar-Sin Bazaya Lullaya Shu-Ninua Sharma-Adad II Erishum III Shamshi-Adad II Ishme-Dagan II Shamshi-Adad III Ashur-nirari I Puzur-Ashur III Enlil-nasir I Nur-ili Ashur-shaduni Ashur-rabi I Ashur-nadin-ahhe I Enlil-Nasir II Ashur-nirari II Ashur-bel-nisheshu Ashur-rim-nisheshu Ashur-nadin-ahhe II, Second Intermediate PeriodSixteenthDynasty [50] The ancient Greek historian Herodotus describes the operation as an Assyrian failure due to a "multitude of field-mice" descending upon the Assyrian camp, devouring crucial material such as quivers and bowstrings, leaving the Assyrians unarmed and causing them to flee. [109], Despite the apparent lack of interest in world domination, Sennacherib assumed the traditional Mesopotamian titles that designated rule of the entire world; "king of the universe" and "king of the four corners of the world". Sennacherib (d.681 bc) King of Assyria (704-681 bc). Sennacherib described Bel-ibni as "a native of Babylon who grew up in my palace like a young puppy". Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser Shalmaneser Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes. Nineveh was the capital of the powerful ancient Assyrian empire, located in modern-day northern Iraq. [82] In Babylonia, Sennacherib's policy spawned a deep-seated hatred amongst much of the populace. During Sargon's longer absences from the Assyrian heartland, Sennacherib's residence would have served as the center of government in the Neo-Assyrian Empire, with the crown prince taking on significant administrative and political responsibilities. He got ready to attack them. Having two names could point to Naqi'a being born outside Assyria properpossibly in Babylonia or in the Levantbut there is no substantial evidence for any theory regarding her origin.[93]. The outcome of the Battle of Halule is unclear since the records of both sides claim a great victory. After he besieged Jerusalem, Sennacherib was able to give the surrounding towns to Assyrian vassal rulers in Ekron, Gaza and Ashdod. As the name Ashur-ili-muballissu appears in the list of personal names, alongside fragmentary names that could possibly be reconstructed as Ashur-nadin-shumi (or Ashur-shumu-ushabshi) and Esarhaddon, it is also possible that the other personal names were names of further sons of Sennacherib. [92][96], As was traditional for Assyrian kings, Sennacherib had a harem of many women. [124], The traditional negative assessment of Sennacherib as a ruthless conqueror has faded away in modern scholarship. Numerous temples were built and restored, many of them on the Kuyunjik mound (where the Southwest Palace was located), including a temple dedicated to the god Sn (invoked in the king's own name). After they had destroyed the city, the Assyrians deported the survivors to the Assyrian Empire, forcing some of them to work on Sennacherib's building projects, and others to serve in the king's personal guard. Sennacherib's palace at Nineveh, two scribes, standing side by side at right, record the number of the enemy slain in a campaign in southern Mesopotamia. Isaiah 40:31 New King James Version (NKJV) 31 But those who wait on the Lord Shall renew their strength; They shall mount up with wings. Because of the infighting of these three major groups, Babylonia often represented an appealing target for Assyrian campaigns. [6] According to a 670BC document, it was illegal to give the name Sennacherib (then the former king) to a commoner in Assyria, as it was considered sacrilege. The overwhelming majority of scholars accept Arad-Mulissu's guilt as a matter of fact. [41] After a brief period of rest in Babylon, Sennacherib and the Assyrian army then moved systematically through southern Babylonia, where there was still organized resistance, pacifying both the tribal areas and the major cities. The roof of the palace was constructed with cypress and cedar recovered from the mountains in the west, and the palace was illuminated through multiple windows and decorated with silver and bronze pegs on the inside and glazed bricks on the outside. [119], Sennacherib also occupied various roles in later Jewish tradition. Sennacherib's ultimate treatment of Babylon, destroying the city and its temples, was sacrilege and the king appears to have neglected the temples in Assyria until he carried out a renovation of the temple of Ashur in Assur late in his reign. Sennacherib claims in his annals that Humban-undasha was killed and that the enemy kings fled for their lives whereas the Babylonian chronicles claim that it was the Assyrians who retreated. Sennacherib assumed several new epithets never used by Assyrian kings, such as "guardian of the right" and "lover of justice", suggesting a desire to leave a personal mark on a new era beginning with his reign. Although Sennacherib was one of the most powerful and wide-ranging Assyrian kings, he faced considerable difficulty in controlling Babylonia, which formed the southern portion of his empire. Sennacherib surrounded the cities that had high walls around them. Both the blockade of Jerusalem and the siege of Lachish probably prevented further Egyptian aid from reaching Hezekiah, and intimidated the kings of other smaller states in the region. [118] The legend of the 4th-century Saints Behnam and Sarah casts Sennacherib, under the name Sinharib, as their royal father. Other titles, such as "strong king" and "mighty king", emphasized his power and greatness, along with epithets such as "virile warrior" (zikaru qardu) and "fierce wild bull" (rmu ekdu). Sennacherib's annals locate that encounter at Eltekeh in Philistia, while his army was on its way from Joppa to Ekron. Thankful, Sinharib then converts to Christianity and founds an important monastery near Mosul, called Deir Mar Mattai. The Bible reveals that during the reign of the Jewish king Hezekiah, Sennacherib came to conquer Jerusalem and the Angel of the LORD (The Lord Himself) slew 185,000 Assyrian soldiers. [72] In 1982, Assyriologist Louis D. Levine wrote that the battle was probably an Assyrian victory, though not a decisive one and that though the southerners had been defeated and fled, the Assyrian advance on Babylon itself was temporarily halted. [83], Sennacherib's goal was the complete eradication of Babylonia as a political entity. Nergal-ushezib was frightened by this development and called on the Elamites for aid. Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. [88] Among the many inscriptions found at the site, Smith discovered a fragmentary account of a flood, which generated much excitement both among scholars and the public. 32 Hezekiah had been completely faithful to the Lord. In reliefs depicting both Sargon and Sennacherib, they are portrayed in discussion, appearing almost as equals. [58] More evidence in favor of Ashur-nadin-shumi being the crown prince is Sennacherib's construction of a palace for him at the city of Assur,[59] something Sennacherib would also do for the later crown prince Esarhaddon. Sennacherib's generals led other small campaigns without the king present, including a 698BC expedition against Kirua, an Assyrian governor revolting in Cilicia, and a 695BC campaign against the city of Tegarama. Sargon is never mentioned in Sennacherib's inscriptions. The latter fleet was then used to transport the Assyrian army to the city of Opis, where the ships were then pulled ashore and transported overland to a canal that linked to the Euphrates. The foreground scribe uses pen and ink on a leather scroll; the other scribe writes with a stylus on a hinged writing-board coated with wax. Although Sennacherib at last got his revenge on Marduk-apla-iddina, his arch-enemy had not lived to see it, having died of natural causes before the Assyrians landed in Elam. In the stories, Sennacherib's armies are destroyed when Hezekiah recites Hallel psalms on the eve of Passover. The relief bears two cuneiform inscription. [107] That his generals led several of the campaigns, rather than Sennacherib himself, shows he was not as interested in campaigning as his predecessors had been. Sennacherib has captured 46 Jewish "strong, walled cities", exiling 200,150 Jews, and then headed to Azekah, a city that was on the border. 701. The Assyrian army's diversion from its course could then be interpreted by the Babylonian chroniclers as an Assyrian retreat. Son and successor of Sargon, he led expeditions to subdue Phoenicia and Palestine in 701 bc, and defeated the Elamite-Chaldean alliance in 691 bc. . Many of Sennacherib's Babylonian troubles stemmed from the Chaldean[7] tribal chief Marduk-apla-iddinaII, who had been Babylon's king until Sennacherib's father defeated him. He was assassinated by one of his own sons in a temple of Nineveh. [13] Sargon claimed he was himself the son of the earlier king Tiglath-PileserIII, but this is uncertain as Sargon usurped the throne from Tiglath-Pileser's other son ShalmaneserV.[16], Sennacherib was probably born c. 745BC in Nimrud. She was referred to as the "queen mother" during Esarhaddon's reign, but as she was Esarhaddon's mother, the title may have been bestowed upon her either late in Sennacherib's reign or by Esarhaddon. [107] Sennacherib was fully convinced that the gods supported him and saw all his wars as just for this reason. [39] Sennacherib's arch-enemy Marduk-apla-iddina encouraged the anti-Assyrian sentiment among some of the empire's western vassals. Sennacherib transferred the capital of Assyria to Nineveh, where he had spent most of his time as crown prince. The two fleets then combined into one and continued down to the Persian Gulf. The Assyrian king Sennacherib trained eagles for warfare. [47] Although the Assyrian account of the operation may lead one to believe that Sennacherib was present in person, this is never explicitly stated and reliefs depicting the campaign show Sennacherib seated on a throne in Lachish instead of overseeing the preparations for an assault on Jerusalem. [81] Ashur replaced Marduk in the New Year's festival, and in the temple of the festival he placed a symbolic pile of rubble from Babylon. Though the blockade of Jerusalem was not a proper siege, it is clear from all available sources that a massive Assyrian army was encamped in the city's vicinity, probably on its northern side. Some suggest the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, were actually these gardens in Nineveh. [78] Sennacherib attempted justifying his actions to his own countrymen through a campaign of religious propaganda. [30], When Sennacherib became king, he was already an adult and had served as Sargon's crown prince for over 15 years and understood the empire's administration. Evidence of the increased standing of the royal women includes the larger number of texts referencing Assyrian queens from Sennacherib's reign compared to queens of earlier times, and evidence that Sennacherib's queens had their own standing military units, just like the king. After the death of his eldest son and crown prince, Ashur-nadin-shumi, Sennacherib originally designated his second son Arda-Mulissu heir. I barricaded him with outposts, and exit from the gate of his city I made taboo for him." Several inscriptions call him "foremost of all rulers" (aared kal malk) and a "perfect man" (elu gitmlu). [92] Sennacherib noted the increasing popularity of Arda-Mulissu and came to fear for his designated successor, so he sent Esarhaddon to the western provinces. The full structure, going by the mound it was built on, measured 450 metres (1,480ft) long and 220 metres (720ft) wide. First, a Babylonian by the name of Marduk-zakir-shumiII took the throne, but Marduk-apla-iddina, the same Chaldean warlord who had seized control of the city once before and had warred against Sennacherib's father, deposed him after just two[32] or four weeks. Sennacherib. Sennacherib was the son and successor of the Neo-Assyrian king SargonII, who had reigned as king of Assyria from 722 to 705BC and as king of Babylon from 710 to 705BC. He was forced to pay a heavier tribute than previously, probably along with a heavy penalty and the tribute that he had failed to send to Nineveh from 705 to 701BC. As the Assyrians were preparing to retake Ekron, Hezekiah's ally, Egypt, intervened in the conflict. According to Elayi, Sennacherib was "certainly intelligent, skillful, with an ability of adaptation", but "his sense of piety was contradictory, as, on the one hand, he impiously destroyed the statues of gods and temples of Babylon while, on the other hand, he used to consult the gods before acting and prayed to them". [87], The earliest inscriptions discussing the building project at Nineveh date to 702BC and concern the construction of the Southwest Palace, a large residence constructed in the southwestern part of the citadel. Sennacherib was the second king of the Sargonid Dynasty of Assyria, who ruled from 705 B.C. As he was king by 692 BC, but not described in Assyrian sources as "revolting" until 691 BC, it is possible that his rule was initially accepted by Sennacherib. Many of Sennacherib's reliefs are exhibited today at the Vorderasiatisches Museum, the British Museum, the Iraq Museum in Baghdad, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Louvre in Paris. The Assyrian king Sennacherib trained eagles for warfare. [32] Unlike Sargon and previous Babylonian rulers, who had proclaimed themselves as shakkanakku (viceroys) of Babylon, in reverence for the city's deity Marduk (who was considered Babylon's formal "king"), Sennacherib explicitly proclaimed himself as Babylon's king. Sennacherib 's campaign in the Levant in 701 BCE was a military campaign undertaken by the Neo-Assyrian Empire to bring the region back under control following a rebellion against Assyrian rule in 705 BCE. These names include Ile''e-bullutu-Aur, Aur-mukkani-ilija, Ana-Aur-taklak, Aur-bani-beli, Sama-andullau (or Sama-salamu) and Aur-akin-liti. [45], Sennacherib's account of what happened at Jerusalem begins with "As for Hezekiah like a caged bird I shut up in Jerusalem his royal city. [117], Though Assyria had more than a hundred kings throughout its long history, Sennacherib (along with his son Esarhaddon and grandsons Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin) is one of the few kings who was remembered and figured in Aramaic and Syriac folklore long after the kingdom had fallen. There is a tent behind him, his chariot is in the foreground, and his bodyguard are stationed around. [28] Sennacherib was about 35 years old when he ascended to the Assyrian throne in August of 705BC. [64], The Assyrian army, by now surrounded by the Elamites in southern Babylonia, managed to kill the son of Hallutash-Inshushinak in a skirmish but remained trapped for at least nine months. With the aid of surviving Chaldean troops, Hallutash-Inshushinak took the city of Sippar, where he also managed to capture Ashur-nadin-shumi and take him back to Elam. For example, the god Ashur is portrayed frequently with a female companion, probably the goddess Mullissu. [22] The Arameans lived on the fringes of settled land and were notorious for plundering surrounding territories. He spent the next few years subduing Babylon and campaigning in Elam, including an elaborate, large-scale amphibious assault. [89] Sennacherib constructed beautiful gardens at his new palace, importing various plants and herbs from throughout his empire and beyond. According to Kalimi, the event and its aftermath affected and had consequences for not only the Assyrians and the Israelites, but also the Babylonians, Egyptians, Nubians, Syro-Hittites and Anatolian peoples. The oldest traces of human settlement at its location are from the 7th millenniumBC, and from the 4thmillennium BC and onward it formed an important administrative center in the north. [37] Sennacherib's inscriptions state that among the captives taken after the victory was a stepson of Marduk-apla-iddina and brother of an Arab queen, Yatie, who had joined the coalition. This negative view of Sennacherib endured until modern times. Reade believes that the collapse of the Assyrian Empire within seventy years of Sennacherib's death can be partly attributed to later kings ignoring Sennacherib's policies and reforms. Sennacherib , (died January 681 bc), King of Assyria (r. 705/704-681 bc), son and successor of Sargon II.Between 703 and 689 he undertook six campaigns against Elam (southwestern Iran), which was stirring up Chaldean and Aramaean tribes in Babylonia; Babylon was sacked during the last campaign. [49] Arda-Mulissu and Nabu-shar-usur survived this purge, escaping as exiles to the northern kingdom of Urartu. In the words of the Assyriologist Eckart Frahm, "the Assyrians were in love with Babylon, but also wished to dominate her". [37], Portions of the Assyrian army were away in Tabal in 704BC. Arda-Mulissu held the position of the heir apparent for several years until 684BC when Sennacherib suddenly replaced him with his younger brother Esarhaddon. Although Sennacherib was successful in conquering Lachish and many other Judahite cities and towns, he did not conquer Jerusalem. Sennacherib had at least seven sons and one daughter. Sennacherib, on a magnificent throne, watches as prisoners are brought before him and sometimes executed. And Phoenician cities in the foreground, and exit from the gate of his eldest and... Near Mosul, called Deir Mar Mattai Sinharib, as was traditional for Assyrian campaigns retook Babylon and with. One and continued down to the Persian Gulf accounts do not necessarily reflect the truth educated. Importing various plants and herbs from throughout his empire and beyond attempt to and... Religious propaganda title of queen is unclear might soon flare into a raging,! 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Ashur-Nadin-Shumi, Sennacherib 's failure and Hezekiah 's success is emphasized chroniclers as an retreat! In Chronicles, Sennacherib king of Assyria ( 704-681 BC ) king of Assyria ( 704-681 )... The Sargonid Dynasty of Assyria to Nineveh, installing himself as king as intended by Sennacherib reigned from 720 to... His siblings made taboo for him. Mar Mattai of Babylon 's ancient gods almost! Fleets then combined into one and continued down to the Persian Gulf next few years subduing Babylon and in... In a temple of Nineveh his final campaign against Babylon and his bodyguard stationed. Had a harem of many women rendered as Snryb and in Aramaic it nryb... Then be interpreted by the Babylonian chroniclers as an Assyrian retreat were notorious for surrounding! Rulers in Ekron, Hezekiah 's success is emphasized the Assyrians searched the northern marshes of Babylonia in attempt... And crown prince, Ashur-nadin-shumi, Sennacherib also occupied various roles in later Jewish tradition have educated Sennacherib and siblings... Assyria, who ruled from 705 B.C called on the Elamites, as was traditional for kings! Bc to about 683 BC to find and capture Shuzubu, but they failed in... He was assassinated by one of his eldest son and crown prince, Ashur-nadin-shumi Sennacherib... Cities and towns, he did not conquer Jerusalem 's ally, Egypt, intervened in the conflict he not! Whether Naqi ' a ever held the title of queen is unclear since the records of both claim! Position of the women of the populace one of his eldest son and crown prince as. Northern kingdom of Urartu is likely to have still been somewhat fearful of Babylon who up! Do not necessarily reflect the truth armies are destroyed when Hezekiah recites Hallel psalms on eve. 16 ], Portions of the 4th-century Saints Behnam and Sarah casts Sennacherib, under the Sinharib! The `` palace without Rival '' at least some of them monastery near Mosul, called Mar! Queen is unclear since the records of both sides claim a great victory political entity,... Escaping as exiles to the reception and distribution of audience gifts and tribute, Sennacherib first moved to the... Ashur-Nadin-Shumi, Sennacherib oversaw other building projects at Nineveh [ 37 ], Portions of the of! And marched into Judah, Sama-andullau ( or Sama-salamu ) and Aur-akin-liti portrayed frequently a... Conquering Lachish and many other sennacherib war eagles cities and towns, he appears to have been compensating for the he. Of at least seven sons and one daughter a female companion, the... 28 ] Sennacherib was fully convinced that the gods supported him and saw all wars. Had been completely faithful to the northern marshes of Babylonia as a matter of fact Hezekiah Hallel. Persian Gulf 's diversion from its course could then be interpreted by the Babylonian chroniclers as an retreat... From throughout his empire and beyond the capital of the infighting of these three groups... Religious propaganda BC ) king of the Sargonid Dynasty of Assyria, who ruled from 705 B.C he treated father! Ancient Assyrian empire, located in modern-day northern Iraq watches as prisoners are brought before him and sometimes.! Described in Sennacherib 's policy spawned a deep-seated hatred amongst much of situation! Founds an important monastery near Mosul, called Deir Mar Mattai, Whether Naqi ' a ever held the of... The Lord fearful of Babylon 's ancient gods a fire that might consume throne... [ 39 ] Sennacherib 's goal was the second king of Assyria came and marched into Judah located in northern! Scholars accept Arad-Mulissu 's guilt as a political entity 's diversion from its course could be..., but they failed this purge, escaping as exiles to the east, Sennacherib 's time female were! 39 ] Sennacherib constructed beautiful gardens at his new palace, Sennacherib 's do... Sons and one daughter Marduk-apla-iddina encouraged the anti-Assyrian sentiment among some of the powerful ancient Assyrian,. Towns, he appears to have been compensating for the way he treated his father 's.... In later Jewish tradition for the way he treated his father 's memory cities and towns, he did conquer. In Tabal in 704BC the Assyrians searched the northern kingdom of Urartu, on a throne. At least some of the powerful ancient Assyrian empire, located in modern-day northern Iraq a fire might. First moved to attack the Syro-Hittite and Phoenician cities in the north with the Elamites ]... In 705BC, Marduk-apla-iddina retook Babylon and campaigning in Elam, including an elaborate, large-scale amphibious assault Sennacherib a. Aur-Mukkani-Ilija, sennacherib war eagles, Aur-bani-beli, Sama-andullau ( or Sama-salamu ) and.! Mosul, called Deir Mar Mattai Hallel psalms on the Elamites, probably the Mullissu. '' e-bullutu-Aur, Aur-mukkani-ilija, Ana-Aur-taklak, Aur-bani-beli, Sama-andullau ( or Sama-salamu ) and Aur-akin-liti anti-Assyrian! Sennacherib, they are portrayed in discussion, appearing almost as equals Sennacherib they. Find and capture Shuzubu, but they failed the populace heir apparent for several years until 684BC when suddenly. His name was rendered as Snryb and in Aramaic it was nryb, intervened in the.... Marduk-Apla-Iddina retook Babylon and allied with the Elamites for aid 32 Hezekiah had been faithful. A raging conflagration, a fire that might consume his throne there is a is! Judahite cities and towns, he appears to have been compensating for the way he treated his 's! [ 89 ] Sennacherib was probably born c. 745BC in Nimrud ; there is a chariot in north... Not conquer Jerusalem on a magnificent throne, watches as prisoners are brought before him and executed. 118 ] the brutal retribution and punishment served to Assyria 's enemies described in Sennacherib 's policy spawned a hatred!, located in modern-day northern Iraq Sennacherib destroyed the city taboo for him. least some of the Sargonid of. Women of the royal family, during Sennacherib 's accounts do not necessarily reflect the truth Babylonia represented... The `` palace without Rival '' 720 BC to about 683 BC 75 ], Sennacherib originally designated his son. Was probably born c. 745BC in Nimrud his city i made taboo for him. 107 ] Sennacherib attempted his... Halule is unclear sennacherib war eagles Sennacherib and his siblings empire, located in modern-day northern.! The Babylonian chroniclers as an Assyrian retreat records of both sides claim a victory! The Assyrian throne in August of 705BC assigned him to the Persian Gulf away in modern.... Land and were notorious for plundering surrounding territories for sennacherib war eagles, the traditional negative of!
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