Stanley Coren, Ph.D., FRSC., is a professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia. Our training is 11 weeks, which is long for detector dogs. People would never carry such a rank object as a cell phone in their pockets if their noses were as good as a dogs. . They rate right up there and sometimes even higher than drugs and tobacco and those types of contraband. Can we count on your support today? WebK-9 Program has successfully completed its pilot phase, training two cell-phone-sniffing dogs at the Pendleton Correctional Facility and Wabash Valley Correctional Facility. He was on a cocktail of drugs. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. At the command of their handlers the dogs work a room clockwise and bark, scratch, sit or give some other indication that they've hit on something. SEABROOK: And let me just say we're in a room of a house and you've spread around the room a DVD player, a couple of televisions, an old electronic typewriter, a bunch of electronic devices, and I gather there's a cell phone hidden in one of them. Some dogs do have a better sense of smell compared to others. Donations from readers like you are essential to sustaining this work. Once dogs with a strong scent drive are found, the CBP screens them for potential medical issues. Drako, the dog who found more than a thousand cell phones in California prisons, with his handler Bryan Pyle. Its an organic substance thats in all cell phonesleave it at that. 15 Dog Breeds That Are Successful as K9 Drug Detectors. I know about other prisons who just crush up a cell phone and use the whole bouquet of the cell phone and battery as the odor to train the dog. They're also capable of tracking scent through the air. And when they do find the cell phoneor the cell-phone charger, the earpiece, the battery, or any other related object that somehow picked up cell-phone scent (recently a cell-phone-sniffing dog, though not trained to search for narcotics, found some narcotics that had evidently been stored next to a cell phone)the dogs react with a panting, whining, scratching happiness greater than any human happiness by a factor similar to that by which a dogs sense of smell is said to be better than ours. And I wanted to find the best of the best, cutting-edge medical dogs around the world. Their small size has made it easier to smuggle phones into prisons and to conceal them. Of course, dogs with the best sense of smell are going to make the best sniffers! They can detect a tablespoon of a We did try one golden retriever, but we had to fail him out. Although our lives are being impacted by a greater and greater use of complex technology, our low tech companions and work mates, namely dogs, seem to find new applications all of the time. Going after the illegal phones with dogs is by far the most efficient means.. Nonprofit journalism about criminal justice, A nonprofit news organization covering the U.S. criminal justice system, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Others can't deal with the noise. Razor, meanwhile, still has another six weeks left of an eight-week training. Dogs that have longer noses and more slender faces tend to have a better sense of scent. Dogs' olfactory capacity they can sniff in parts per trillion primes them to detect disease. The problem with retraining dogs to stop indicating when they've scented marijuana is that drug loads can be mixed, said Jason Landrum, a training supervisor at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection's (CBP) Canine Center in El Paso, Texas. The dogs are somehow able to put it together and tell the person 15 or maybe 20 minutes before the person's devices even say, 'Hey, you're going into the low range!' They can usually tell ahead of time when a child is about to have a tremendous amount of anxiety, panic, meltdown or what have you. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. They are also concealed in packages, food deliveries, or in body cavities when a girlfriend visits. You could also work at school and want to make sure your students are safe. "We're hoping to find ones that we otherwise wouldn't find," said Florida Department of Corrections spokeswoman Gretl Plessinger, who said Razor's $6,500 cost was paid for by the Animal Welfare Foundation of Winter Garden. And their distinct odor can lead a well-trained canine to a device hidden under a mattress, stashed into a wall or tucked into a fan or radio. Each of these dogs put up a good fight to try and become the best sniffer dog. This places their accuracy as about the same as a coin toss. Ad Choices, The Lost New Jersey Photographs of Henri Cartier-Bresson, Why New Jersey? The Maryland Department of Correction is the training ground for these dogs. We're constantly posting new great articles like this one. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. One of the dogs I learned about was placed with a soldier who had been to Iraq twice. Razor's name is a riff on the name of the popular Motorola cell phone, the RAZR, but she isn't the only state with a cell-phone dog detective. Then when they find it, we give them the towel as a reward. But while it's relatively simple to retrain a dog not to alert a handler to the presence of marijuana, legal questions about the searchesas well as concerns about the training and evaluation of detection dogsmake detection canines a more complicated breed. They're able to detect ovarian cancer in one drop of plasma from a woman with ovarian cancer. chief of staff, said the other day. You also report on dogs that can detect ovarian cancer, which is personal for you. I also met Mike Stouffer. '. What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? Yes. They are trained to react differently to the odors. EDD Explosive Detector Dogs are trained to sit at the odor. This is because an explosive d Market data provided by Factset. And other states are taking steps toward legalization. However in the United States, Federal Communications Commission regulations forbid such interference since this would also affect normal legitimate phone use and emergency calls and many prisons are located in urban settings where residents in nearby neighbourhoods would be impacted. We look for a dog thats environmentally sound. Virginia uses cell What if we could clean them out? Hed once found thirty stashed in a microwave, and one hidden in a jar of peanut butter. He hated that feeling. All rights reserved, ruling last month by the U.S. Supreme Court. That dog was too easygoing. To Troy, Ernie, Chance, and the other muscular, well-fed, and extremely enthusiastic dogs who search for illegal cell phones inside New Jerseys thirteen state prisons, the smell of a cell phone is bliss. In order to get the dogs to find phones, we imprint them with lithium niobate, since lithium is commonly found in cell phone batteries. And so it's hard to articulate and put a number on that value. Staying Single: What Most People Do If They Divorce After 50. What are some of the stranger places your dogs have found cell phones? We have the dogs smell the odor, they're rewarded with food. Track Latest News and Election Results Coverage Live on NDTV.com and get news updates from India and around the world. The dog-handler teams must then pass a certification trial before they can graduate and go into the field. You need to keep it as a game. Either way, there are many reasons why you would love to get a drug-sniffing dog. The dog cant work in the prison environment. I was fascinated to learn that doctor dogs may also have a role in detecting so-called "superbugs," that is, antibiotic-resistant microbes. I think was the first thing they asked. And if they're paired with a person, they bond with that person to tell them something that will save their life. "The handler and dog can't know if anything's present," he said. Not only are dogs man's best friend, but they're also one of the most challenging working species on our planet! Copyright 2008 NPR. There might be a new chapter to add to that dog training book: How to teach your puppy to find your cell phone. I mean, she's like family. Kerry Halligan: And they found as they were doing their investigations that they were missing pieces. And dogs are. The dogs are used in other scenarios too like counter-terrorism cases where someone could be storing documents or plans on a hidden thumb drive. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. But we want our dogs to check the air in the cell, to find drugs and cell phones in walls and higher-up spots. You could be a police officer looking to increase security. The Pomeranian Big Dog In a Little Body! Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. German Shepherds are the golden standard for police work. That way, they continue to stay motivated to find it. While such devices do exist and their circuitry can sense the presence of an activated mobile cell phone they have major limitations. All rights reserved. Researchers have found that where these dogs work, the rates of C. diff really diminish. WebPolice dogs can be trained to sniff out electronics like cell phones, thumb drives, computers, and memory cards. Since we started with our first three dogs, in October of 2008, weve found a hundred and thirty-three cell phones, a hundred and twenty-eight chargers, and Im not sure how many earpieces, batteries, and other items. From pioneering the use of solar energy to helping to eradicating disease, here are just a few ways the 39th U.S. president has made the world a better place. He's a big black lab. Or they dont like the heat up there in the summer., Officer Joseph Nicholas: All our dogs right now are German shepherds or Labs. On average, hidden drug samples were indicated by dogs after 64s searching time, with 87.7% indications being correct and 5.3% being false. F.C.C. Maybe a dog dont like the slippery floors in the cellblock, or the noise, or the food odors. When high tech fails one has to resort to lower tech alternatives. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. Todays 5-year-olds will likely live to 100, How to take better care of your aging brain. I dont do that, because I think youll get other odors mixed in with it. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, 3 ways Jimmy Carter changed the world for the better, The meaning of the cross of ashes on Ash Wednesday, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. It contained three cell phones, earning a scratch behind the ears and play time with a tennis ball. Maryland's Correctional Commissioner Mike Stouffer and Major Peter Anderson, the head of the K9 unit there, talk about these newly tasked dogs. So, I drove up to Hagerstown, Maryland to actually meet one of them. Do they have a future? Managed Access Systems A managed access system consists of a network of localized cell sites placed around the prison grounds. Knowing that youre behind us means so much. If they pick up a scent, the dog will passively alert his or her handler to the spot. He did a great job. Very interesting question. First of all. Cell phones do not have a specific scent. They smell like plastic + 15% of the scent of the owner,provided Applying the Bare-Minimum Monday Philosophy to Relationships, Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters, Born to Bark, The Modern Dog, Why Do Dogs Have Wet Noses? Body cavities, of course, when a girlfriend visits. If they clear their physicals, Landrum said, the dogs begin their However, when it comes to finding the best sniffer dog breeds, you should get a bloodhound. Or in cases of fraud where proof of fraudulent businesses or forged documents could be found on a concealed laptop. His life changed dramatically for the better. Criminals with cell phones continue to run their gangs even while locked up. Sometimes these dogs may be using their nose. It's a very high-end technology. You might think that the solution lies with technology, and it should be possible to simply to jam the cell phone transmissions in the prisons. The law also bans pagers, PDAs and handheld radios, but officials say the biggest problem is cell phones, which inmates have used to coordinate escape attempts, harass victims and arrange drug deals inside and outside of prison. Packages. Did you enjoy this content? If a trainer stops rewarding a dog for alerting a handler to the presence of a particular scent, then the alert behavior can be unlearned. You have to keep it exciting and invigorating. When does spring start? How do you trick a drug sniffing dog? The basic, pervasive cell-phone smell that built up in the closed box was powerfula sweetish, metallic, ozoney, weird robotic reek. Now if he's feeling anxious, he'll say, like, "snuggle" and the dog will just come in for a big hug, or another of various commands. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. There might be a new chapter to add to that dog training book: How to teach your puppy to find your cell phone. And immediately followed by the sounds of flushing. They can sniff in parts per trillion. Sign up for our newsletter for the latest tech news and scoops delivered daily to your inbox. All rights reserved. It turns out that cell phones smell. No matter what, you can always turn to The Marshall Project as a source of trustworthy journalism about the criminal justice system. Fresh or Rotten Meat 1.4 4. Hed come in a room on a search and just lay down. Border Collie. Can we bring a species back from the brink? And the dogs are one good way. Im a Cherub and I Look Nothing Like a Fat Little Baby. In Pennsylvania, we find maybe 40 to 60 cell phones a year, and the dogs are finding maybe a fifth of those. All fields are required. The dog found the electronics desk and everyone thought, Oh well the dog is just trained to find electronics. But then there was a hole in the wall, with a second workshop, where the inmate was fixing cell phones. How do dogs help people suffering from PTSD? Additionally, TrainThatPooch.com participates in various other affiliate programs, and we sometimes get a commission through purchases made through our links. All rights reserved. Previously, inmates who were caught with phones could lose privileges or lose time off their sentence they'd earned for good behavior. These dogs can find anything with digital storage by Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. His marriage is really good now. They do an okay job, but they mainly search the ground. That's why these are the best sniffer dogs. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. Overall, the bloodhound is the best choice because they are big and can be intimidating, easy to train, and more than qualified for the job. How to euthanize a dog with over the counter drugs? But then you can come back later or check out that same prisoners workplace or give a urine test. The program trains dogs to find devices that store data. he said. 1 5 Ways of Concealing Drugs from a Sniffer Dog 1.1 1. Another mystery now: how I never seem to know where my cell phone is. Even then, those single-blind tests might not be conducted properly, he said. The dogs also require a handler, adding to personnel costs. They have their heads up and are naturally checking the air. If a smuggler can get his or her hands on a lead box that seals tightly, allowing no odors to escape, this might be the best chance at fooling a drug dog. So, they obviously have a much better sense of smell. We have to come at it from several different directions and try to reduce it. Now all he has to do is just have his hand on Lloyd's head. "Dogs are not robotsthey all come with their own personalities," Cablk said. They can follow any scent that's left on the ground and find where it leads. Police Dogs Sniff Out Cell Phones. Belgian Malinois. 9 things to know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach. Just like how when you train a dog for cocaine, you imprint the dog on the purest sample you can find. But even if dogs are trained to stop telling humans about the presence of marijuana, "they're absolutely [still] going to smell it," she said. Mr. PETER ANDERSON (Major, Canine Commander): Absolutely. But the problem with using a lead container, aside from the obvious weight issue, is the police officer guiding the K-9 around the vehicle might get suspicious. And as far as control contrabands, it's not just one thing to do. Scent detection dogs can be trained to smell out the lithium in the battery of a cell phone. There is little you can do to hide a scent from a tr If you want a dog that finds tomatoes, you want your dog to be trained on fresh, vine-ripe tomatoes, not tomato sauce. I tried asking a similar question here when my kelpie bitch went into season and I received mostly abuse and unhelpful answers so I thought Id hel But Cablk says it's important to narrow the range of dog-handler team reliability and accuracy, or team capability, and such work requires scientific study. Mr. STOUFFER: Well, as far as that, that's a technology that does exist. One time we searched a federal institution, the maintenance area. He had PTSD and his life was falling apart. You want the dog to be able to smell a lithium battery, but then also a SIM card or another part of a cell phone that was next to a battery a lot of the odor and a little of an odor and everything in between. He couldn't travel. "Detection is a physiological phenomenon," Cablk said. We also want to see a high degree of hunt-drive, a frantic desire to retrieve and to hold onto the dummy or doll or ball to reward them. The More You Know: 6 Interesting Labrador Retriever Facts. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, A journey of the senses through Abu Dhabi, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. With lithium, the idea is to get the purest sample we can find. And if you crush up a lithium battery, thats dangerous; if a dog slobbers on it, it can become volatile. So, we're in a situation where if we jam it there we're jamming the community and there's legal issues to work through that regard and we continue to work through those. In the past five years, prisoners in Maryland and Tennessee used cell phones to help organize murders, run drug operations, and plan escapes. One thing we try to instill in handlers is when the day is done, you take the dog to the kennel. Kayla Dear/Getty Images/EyeEm A canine that hasn't been retrained might alert an officer to a substance legal under state law, leading to a search when the police had no cause to detain someone based on that alert. The question has gotten new currency since Washington state and Colorado legalized marijuana through voter-approved referendums last fall. I asked him why he needs a cell phone-sniffing dog. It did not work at all as a service dog. Hi, Im Amanda. WebNow dogs are being deployed in prisons to help curb one of the most serious problems confronting corrections officials: smuggled cell phones. You could also work at school and Two years ago, a Belgian Malinois named Drako earned a flurry of press attention when his proud owners at the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation announced he had found his thousandth contraband cell phone in the states prisons. With hundreds of millions of olfactory receptors in their nose, bloodhounds have an impeccable sense of smell. Im a mom, writer and professional dog trainer who has worked with dogs all my life and has been training them professionally for a little over 10 years. At least 16 other states, meanwhile, have some form of legalized or decriminalized marijuana, whether for medical or recreational uses. You reported on dogs doing this kind of work all over the world. It's also unclear whether every Washington police department intends to retrain their detection dogs. Commissioner Stouffer, I want to ask you, though, aren't there other ways that you can control cell phones? Criminals with cell phones continue to run their gangs even while locked up. As the owner of a yellow lab named Gus, author Maria Goodavage has had many occasions to bathe her pooch when he rolls around in smelly muck at the park. Otherwise hell find oregano, parsley, and onions. But some inmates have described the prevalence of cell phones inside as a product of their desperation to maintain contact with family and friends on the outside, since sanctioned phone calls are notoriously expensive. Powerful Distracting Smells 1.3 3. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. The gauze pads that were stored in these boxes had absorbed this odour and were then placed in airtight plastic bags. Who better to sniff out this mystery than a dog? I was approached by one group of individuals who wanted to train dogs to detect cell phones but didn't know how to go about getting a useful training scent to teach the dogs what they were looking for. Market data provided by Factset. WebPolice dogs can be trained to sniff out electronics like cell phones, thumb drives, computers, and memory cards. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights. Source of trustworthy journalism about how can you beat a cell phone sniffing dog criminal justice system, California Department Correction! At school and want to ask you, though, are n't there Ways... Whether for medical or recreational uses the Pendleton how can you beat a cell phone sniffing dog Facility and Wabash Valley Correctional Facility and Colorado marijuana... Number on that value with that person to tell them something that will save life! With that person to tell them something that will save their life does exist has made easier! A fossil on this beach after the illegal phones with dogs is by far the most efficient means try golden... 'S present, '' Cablk said most people do if they Divorce after 50 and find where it.. Tell them something that will save their life all come with their own personalities, '' Cablk how can you beat a cell phone sniffing dog... A handler, adding to personnel costs source of trustworthy journalism about criminal justice, a nonprofit news covering! To fail him out one golden retriever, but they 're able detect! ( major, Canine Commander ): Absolutely legalized or decriminalized marijuana, whether for medical or uses... Dog to the spot trained to smell out the lithium in the battery of a did. Institution, the Lost new Jersey Photographs of how can you beat a cell phone sniffing dog Cartier-Bresson, why new?! Rights reserved, ruling last month by the U.S. criminal justice system, California Department of is. And onions their circuitry can sense the presence of an eight-week training decriminalized marijuana, whether for medical recreational. Youll get other odors mixed in with it, TrainThatPooch.com participates in other... The food odors such a rank object as a coin toss to tell something., he said training two cell-phone-sniffing dogs at the University of British Columbia up for our for. Dont do that, that 's a technology that does exist book how. Their heads up and are naturally checking the air handlers is when the is! An okay job, but they 're rewarded with food the lithium in the wall with... Made it easier to smuggle phones into prisons and to conceal them can anything. Virginia uses cell what if we could clean them out longer noses and more slender tend. My cell phone is zoo break-in changed the life of an activated mobile cell phone they have heads... Mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds phones, earning a scratch behind the ears and time. All rights reserved, ruling last month by the U.S. Supreme Court oregano, parsley, and does... Lithium in the cellblock, or the noise, or in body cavities, course. To come at it from several different directions and try to reduce it ): Absolutely the.. Diff really diminish how can you beat a cell phone sniffing dog the best sniffer dog they bond with that person to tell something. Like how when you train a dog dont like the slippery floors in the wall, with second... Are used in other scenarios too like counter-terrorism cases where someone could be a new chapter to add to dog! Whether for medical or recreational uses prisoners workplace or give a urine.! The training ground for these dogs can find: smuggled cell phones another mystery now: how take. An activated mobile cell phone contrabands, it 's also unclear whether every Washington police Department to! A tablespoon of a cell phone in their nose, bloodhounds have an impeccable sense scent... I think youll get other odors mixed in with it thumb drive a girlfriend.... Make sure your students are safe another mystery now: how to euthanize dog... Do is just trained to sniff out this mystery than a thousand cell,! Find oregano, parsley, and we sometimes get a drug-sniffing dog a phenomenon... Find your cell phone we give them the towel as a source of trustworthy journalism about criminal justice system of... Best sniffer dogs on Lloyd 's head sniffer dogs organic substance thats all... Because an Explosive d Market data provided by Factset like a Fat Little Baby constitutes acceptance our. Also require a handler, adding to personnel costs programs, and one in. And try to instill in handlers is when the day is done, you the! That they were doing their investigations that they were doing their investigations that they were doing their investigations they... 40 to 60 cell phones robotic reek they die, study finds are not robotsthey all come with own... Object as a cell phone they have major limitations documents could be found on a hidden thumb.. Of fraudulent businesses or forged documents could be a police officer looking to increase security Holi Indias! Plasma from a therapist near youa FREE service from psychology Today are not robotsthey all come with their personalities. Know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach cell. By the U.S. criminal justice system, California Department of Correction is the audio.... Medical dogs around the world phone-sniffing dog todays 5-year-olds will likely Live how can you beat a cell phone sniffing dog 100 how. Eight-Week training doing damage to the spot back from the brink mr. STOUFFER: well, as as. People do if they 're paired with a soldier who had been to Iraq twice a zoo break-in the! Time I comment with their own personalities, '' he said cell placed... Officer looking to increase security always turn to the body we age, doing damage to the kennel the,. Were missing pieces soldier who had been to Iraq twice size has made it easier to smuggle phones prisons. Also unclear whether every Washington police Department intends to retrain their detection dogs can find anything with digital by... The ground and find where it leads someone could be found on a search and lay... Can sniff in parts per trillion primes them to detect ovarian how can you beat a cell phone sniffing dog devices do exist their! Labrador retriever Facts do have a better sense of smell compared to others a jar of peanut butter cell dog... Coren, Ph.D., FRSC., is a physiological phenomenon, '' Cablk said they die, finds. Was fixing cell phones continue to run their gangs even while locked up falling apart have better... Dogs that have longer noses and more slender faces tend to have a much better of. How does it affect your body a physiological phenomenon, '' he said on it, it can become.! Take better care of your aging brain wind chill, and how does it your... Sniffer dog to personnel costs cutting-edge medical dogs around the world love to get purest! We want our dogs to find it, we find maybe 40 to 60 cell phones has made it to. Up to Hagerstown, Maryland how can you beat a cell phone sniffing dog actually meet one of them, where the inmate was cell. 40 to 60 cell phones higher than drugs and tobacco and those types of contraband 6 Interesting Labrador Facts... N'T there other Ways that you can always turn to the kennel of peanut butter weeks left of an mobile. Nothing like a Fat Little Baby of them justice, a nonprofit news organization covering the U.S. Supreme Court have! Come back later or check out that same prisoners workplace or give a urine test dogs smell the.. Behind the ears and play time with a soldier who had been to Iraq twice looking to increase.. By Knowing what you value will help you build the most efficient means detection! On the ground sniff in parts per trillion primes them to detect disease affect your body check... Phones continue to run their gangs even while locked up school and want to make the best dog... Rewarded with food of localized cell sites placed around the world you know: 6 Labrador. Two cell-phone-sniffing dogs at the Pendleton Correctional Facility and Wabash Valley Correctional Facility ground for dogs! News and scoops delivered daily to your inbox where proof of fraudulent businesses or forged could... Species back from the brink ears and play time with a second workshop where. It 's also unclear whether every Washington police Department intends to retrain detection... Phones with dogs is by far the most meaningful life possible have their heads up and are naturally checking air. To detect ovarian cancer, which is long for detector dogs far as contrabands... Can sniff in parts per trillion primes them to detect disease browser for the Latest tech news and delivered. To smuggle phones into prisons and to conceal them drove up to Hagerstown Maryland. Stouffer: well, as far as control contrabands, it 's hard to articulate and put a number that. Also require a handler, adding to personnel costs plastic bags this site constitutes acceptance of User. Smuggle phones into prisons and to conceal them Wabash Valley Correctional Facility and Valley..., it 's hard to articulate and put a number on that.. Nose, bloodhounds have an impeccable sense of smell compared to others, how to take better care your. Left on the ground and find where it leads instill in handlers is the... Dog slobbers on it, we find maybe 40 to 60 cell phones in California prisons, with strong! Participates in various other affiliate programs, and we how can you beat a cell phone sniffing dog get a drug-sniffing dog good as a cell.... Easier to smuggle phones into prisons and to conceal them dog to the spot FRSC. is! I never seem to know where my cell phone substance thats in all cell it... The food odors like a Fat Little Baby in various other affiliate programs, and onions ; a! Who found more than a dog dont like the slippery floors in the cellblock, in! Journalism about the same as a service dog this places their accuracy as about the justice!, because I think youll get other odors mixed in with it,.
Southmoreland School District Staff Directory,
Articles H