[5][6] In united-Andhra Pradesh (including present-day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana), Kammas made up 4.8% of the total state population in the last census.[64][when?] They are there in several Eastern states and are both dominant in Nepal and India. [44] In the 1600-1800s, Kammas acquired land in the interior Deccan Plateau due to grants that were given by the Nizam of Hyderabad to encourage cultivation in uncultivated areas of Telangana. This is a common surname in all south Indian states. This means the epithet of God Kartikeya. [23] Some of the notable Kamma Nayak clans of Vijayanagara include the Pemmasanis, Sayapanenis, and Ravellas. This caste system originates its form with thousands of sub-castes. We hope you think that is sweet. They are Rajputs, generally in the mercantile or business upper class. As we can see from the above graphic, the OBC's in Andhra Pradesh, make up around 37% of the total population, but far too fragmented to make any s 10 0 obj << /Length 11 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream We hope you enjoyed exploring this list of popular and famous Indian surnames to understand and gain knowledge of Indian roots. [12] Terms such as kamma-brahmana, kamma-komati, kamma-sreshti and kamma-kapu are attested in inscriptions as descriptions of people. The presence of the Vokkaliga seer Nirmalanandanatha Swami, Lingayat seers Shivarathri Deshikendra Swami, Nanjavadutha Swami and Shivamurthy Shivacharya Swami, Brahmin Pejaver Mutt pontiff Vishwaprasanna Theertha Swami, and Jain spiritual leader Dr Veerendra Heggade (a Rajya Sabha MP) at the Delhi event is seen as part of a BJP central leaderships strategy to cultivate religious leaders in Karnataka on its own. The name is well known from Lakshmi Mittal, head of a steel company. WebTelugu Brahmin Surnames 1. The Indian business magnet ShivNadar is from the Nadar community of Tamil Nadu. The Reddys were generally believed to have originated after the decline of the Rashtrakutas and the rise of the Kalyani Chalukyas circa 900 CE. The Those growing/ trading chilli, onion, lemon, garlic, coconut, dal and rice have surnames like Menasinkai, Ullagaddi, Limbekai, Ballolli, Tenginkai, Byali and Akki. WebKollala is most frequently occurring in India, where it is carried by 107 people, or 1 in 7,168,835. . Numerous Hindu temples, such as Bugga Ramalingeshwara Swamy Temple[29] and Chintalarayaswamy Temple,[29] were constructed and patronized by the Pemmasanis. These are so called after Gauri, the patron deity of this caste." People are not stupid, he said. There are 5,000 census records available for the last name Rao. Kammas, mainly from well-off families and having benefited from the spread of educational institutions in Coastal Andhra, took up the opportunity to move. This is a caste last name or a family name that belongs to the Andhra Pradesh region. They are Koslanadu Vaidiki Brahmins, Muluknadu Vaidiki Brahmins, Velanadu Vaidiki Brahmins, and Venginadu Vaidiki Brahmins. The name belongs to the Kshatriya community. Jha is a segment within the Brahmin community in the state of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and other regions. The Prime Minister is connecting directly with the Kannada people, whether it is Lingayats or Vokkaligas, without the support of local leaders, sources in the BJP said after the February 25 event. It is the surname of a group of Shaivite Brahmins who are priests and administrators of the historic Nataraja temple. In Tamil Nadu and Southern A.P., Naidu is commonly used. HKsC/ e)=#Sb)>y.gay.Ys_xxs+i4\?4Uw!Y)$z3W1cfs4Ud{_jN>6 MS\\/_ua*HyiN/C:4\+C"8WKyfx$ N/_G54/_\>{[/$6(fZM\u5XddYuP~{~&,3Vb;4SWzI@pP|MMW.VVbe[7C[JZ4J[0LfC*1 U Rao, who represents the Gandhinagar constituency in Bengaluru, also lamented that Bommai has not held a meeting with any of the city MLAs and has been taking ad hoc decisions. Deshmukh is a native title that is given to the particular community desamukhi. Today they are regarded as the wealthiest group in Andhra Pradesh[4] and an entrepreneurial community influential in various industries, such as information technology, real estate, media and Telugu cinema. [56] The money was also invested into various companies, industries, such as food processing and transportation, and moneylending. 3 AAP Karnataka vice-president, ex-Bengaluru top cop Bhaskar Rao joins BJP; Also Read | B S Yediyurappa bids House adieu: R Ashoka, and K Sudhakar. The BJPs concern that the complete sidelining of the Lingayat leader could still hurt it has resulted in the maintenance of tenuous ties with Yediyurappa, including a show of closeness between Modi and the Lingayat strongman during the opening of the Shivamogga airport on February 27 on the occasion of Yediyurappas 80th birthday. Bamun is the name given to the Brahmins of the Assamese society. They belong to business families and also belong to Khatri communities. Brahmins who stay in the Telugu region for many years are the Aryans. Basically the Brahmins and Kshatriyas of ancient India are familiar with this caste today. Earlier Odias were called Kalingas or Odra and then known as Utkals. They are family names that came down from the royal ancient times when the family person is appointed as Diwan, the highest official of the region. However, Kumar is a widespread surname in South India, not by a particular community or castes. The Kashmiri Pandits are divided into three main sub-castes: Guru/ Bachabat or the priests, Jotish(astrologers) and Karkun (the ones who are employed in government service). Shetty is from the state of Karnataka. The BJP, however, has not been able to win the support of the Vokkaliga community by liaising with the prominent seer on account of the presence of key political leaders from the community such as former Prime H D Deve Gowda and his son H D Kumaraswamy of the Janata Dal (Secular). Similar to Iyer, Iyengar is also a brahmin upper caste community in the state of Tamil Nadu. I will not talk on caste lines. 34. Rao or Ravu (derived from Raju in Telugu meaning King) is an ancient Telugu tittle predominantly used by Velama caste. Rao is a caste name or t This is among traditional Indian last names. While Lingayats are the single-largest caste group in Karnataka, Vokkaligas are the second-most dominant caste group. Ranga also started a Madras Kamma Association in 1919 and founded a journal Kamma Patrika, later renamed to Ryot Patrika. They are mainly vegetarians as they follow Vaishnavism traditions which is one amongst the four major Hindu traditions that stick to vegetarianism. Whats The Difference Between Dutch And French Braids? They are also popular in the Bengal region. Webstate stateid caste subcaste castecode karnataka 02 badigar vishwakarma 02025 karnataka 02 bajantri bajantri 02026 karnataka 02 bajantri kshwrika 02027 karnataka a sizeable number of Kammas have migrated to the United States. They are divided into three sects the Gurukkals who follow Saivism, Iyers who follow the Srauta and Smartha tradition, and Iyengars who follow Sri Vaishnavism. There is also Dallas in Parsi communities. The community of Kammas is believed to have originated from agriculturists of the Kammanadu region of the Guntur and Prakasam districts in Andhra Pradesh. Zacharia is a popular Christina Hebrew surname in the state of Kerala. Balakrishnan is a popular name in Tamil Nadu. Your email address will not be published. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. They used to work in temple complexes but due to advancement are now seen in technological fields, yet they do not leave the surnames or the gotras. [37] During the reign of the Qutb Shahis and Nizams, the Sayapaneni Nayaks (16261802) ruled a block of territory between the Krishna River and Nellore as vassals. Marathi Brahmins refers to the communities that are native to the Maharashtra state. Her experience in impactful writing combined with her background in Home Sciences makes Aparna the perfect candidate for content writing in the pregnancy and parenting niche. There are amongst the five Pancha Gouda Brahmins that were originally from the north of Vindhyas. [61][62] Coimbatore was known as the Manchester of South India and its textile industry, which is the main economic sector in the city, is almost entirely controlled by affluent Kamma families that were the landed aristocracy of Kongu Nadu.[63]. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more. Many of these were high-fee private educational institutes also formed by wealthy members of the dominant castes who often gave preference to students from their community in admissions. [21][non-primary source needed] Krishnadevaraya's court had a significant presence of Kamma officers, and they entered into matrimonial alliances with the royal family. Grovers are from Hindu and Sikh communities. The Utkala Brahmins are of three types: Shrauta/ Vaidika, Sevayita/ Purohita and Halua Brahmin. Kalita is a form of surname by the Kshatriya community in Assam and nearby states and regions. WebGavara is, however, an important sub-division of Kmatis (traders), and these Gavaras are probably in reality Gavara Kmatis. Reddy is a popular caste group in the South Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. There are Vedic and Non-Vedic Brahmins and Vedic Brahmins are further classified as Gaudiya and Dravida. Source: Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, 2022. They are around in states such as UP, Rajasthan, and Delhi. victor harbor hospital; craigslist motorcycles south jersey; james van der zee quotes This is because they belong to the dominant caste. WebKamma or the Kammavaru are a caste or social group found largely in the Southern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Karnataka. Brahmins remind us about the long ancestry of priests also referred to as pujaris, purohits, or pandits) or teachers are even known as acharyas or gurus. They are mainly present around East and Northern India too. After the lifting of immigration quota system in 1965, the highly-educated doctors, engineers and scientists started moving to US. Required fields are marked *. 61Ho1Wt=Sn$3w.4jiE.P|mu)O$i89@kzg . Most of the Brahmin surnames are an inspiration of birthplace, community, beliefs, or profession. WebKarnataka Backward Classes Welfare Department No.16/D, 3rd Floor, Devraj Urs Bhavan, Millers Tank Bed Road, Vasanth Nagar, Bangalore - 560052. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); In Andhra Pradesh, Brahmins are classified in two groups; Vaidika (ones who are well versed with vedas and perform religious duties) and the Niyogi (who perform some secular duties only). The title This is a popular Indian surname starting with S. Kaushiks surname is popular in both north and south India, especially in Telugu states. Deshastha Brahmins and Goud Saraswat Brahmins mainly take it. They are non-vegetarians and eat mutton and fish but avoid eating meat of forbidden animals that are restricted in their Shastras. [27] Pemmasani Timmanayudu also assisted Venkata II in putting down a rebellion by the Nandyala Chiefs led by Krishnamaraja in 1580. All have different surnames, yet all are Brahmins and related to each other in various ways. [53] The Kammas of Tamil Nadu, who speak Telugu at home,[60] have also excelled in the cultivation of black cotton soils and later diversified into various industrial enterprises, particularly in Coimbatore and Kovilpatti. Varma is a prevalent North Indian surname. They are not a single caste but have various sub-castes within them. Malhotras are also the Khatri community. Their other profession beside administration is farming. [32], The Ravella Nayaks were another prominent clan that served the Vijayanagara Empire militarily and administratively since the Sangama Dynasty,[19] and they exercised control (on behalf of Vijayanagara) over Srisailam,[19] Udayagiri, Podili, and Kochcherlakota Seemas (regions) at various periods. %PDF-1.2 % So technically, this wasnt a family name for very long, and it started becoming a family name in South Indians very recently. In North Karnataka Devanga caste is divided into My mom is Dahal and I am [52] By 1921, their population in the district increased to 47 per cent, representing a large in-migration. Rao/Rai is a clan of Jat. Most Keralites abandoned caste based surnames in 60s 70s and 80s (sic) and adopted their village names or first names of their parents as surnames. Chari is present in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh/Telangana states. [6] From 1953 to 1983, many Kammas initially associated themselves with the Indian National Congress and offered the party financing and media support. [8] Starting in the 1950s, some members of the dominant castes from Andhra Pradesh had gone to the US for higher education. Almost all the jains use the surname, which is dominant and popular in western India. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Rao surname lived. Then came the Kshatriyas, or the warriors and rulers, supposedly from his arms. They are also called Bose. The famous lyricist and writer Gulzar Saheb belong to the Sikh family of present-day Pakistan. What are you currently focused on? History is witness to the humiliation of leaders like S Nijalingappa and Veerendra Patil to the Congress partys dynastic politics, the PM said in Belagavi. As we keep learning from our childhood, Unity in Diversity. [5][6], They also have a notable, albeit smaller, presence in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Yet, we have worked around giving you the list of most popular Indian last names right now. He (BSY) wanted to have a big event for his birthday but they did not allow it, Karnataka Congress chief D K Shivakumar said on Tuesday while claiming that Modi only paid lip service to the Lingayat strongman on his birthday. It is a Punjabi surname and means a paymaster. Prenatal Massage Its Benefits and Safety, Veiny Breasts During Pregnancy Causes And Home Remedies, Belly Expansion During Pregnancy A Trimester Wise Guide, Body Aches and Pains During Pregnancy Causes and Tips to Deal With it, Carbohydrates During Pregnancy Importance and Sources, Urinary Incontinence During Pregnancy Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options. Let us know your thoughts! Political Parties in South Asia, S. K. Mitra and M. Enskat, 2004, Praeger/Greenwood, p.115, Benbabaali, Caste Dominance and Territory in South India (2018), Keiko, Politics and representation of caste identity (2008), "Caste, Class and Social Articulation in Andhra Pradesh: Mapping Differential Regional Trajectories", "Kamma Commanders of the Vijayanagara Empire", https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/25652/10/10_chapter%203.pdfhttps://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/25652/10/10_chapter%203.pdf, Frykenberg, Elite Groups in a South Indian District 2011, "Andhra Pradesh: Economic and social relations", "Caste, kinship and the realisation of 'American Dream': high-skilled Telugu migrants in the U.S.A.", Harrison, Caste and the Andhra Communists (1956), "Khammas of AP have money power, so they just go get it", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamma_(caste)&oldid=1136401235, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2021, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 04:05. Most commonly observed among Punjabis, Khatris also are Jaats. [7] In recent times, Ghosh in several Eastern states belongs to the caste groups of Milkmen. The term "kamma" either referred to the two rivers that formed the boundaries of the region,[10] or to the Buddhist monastic institutions called sanghakammas believed to have been once prevalent in the region. [31] Although modest actors in the Deccan, their main strength lay in their ability to shift allegiances, facilitated by Niyogi Brahmins, as seen with their initial allegiance to the Vijayanagara Empire and later to the Qutb Shahis and the Nizams after Vijayanagara's demise. It is one of several official classifications of the population of India, along with General Class, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SCs and STs). We will be holding big meetings and in the next two months there will be a big change and the BJP wave will flow through the state, he told the state assembly last week. It has required a carrot and stick type of approach by the central leadership in the form of the threat of corruption cases against his family and continued backing of the political ambitions of the veteran leaders sons. [70] During the British Raj, the Kammas were considered to be "upper Shudra"/"Sat Shudra", along with the Reddy and Velama castes, under the varna system. Indian (southern and western states and Orissa) : Hindu name found among several communities, from Sanskrit rj king. All the castes can mix up and eat together however, only Jotish and Karkun castes can intermarry as per rules. But the migrants retained links to the homeland and returned to it whenever the situation was favourable. People having the suffix `Katti' are said to be soldiers having a dagger in their pocket, while the Karadis can be related to Karadi Majalu, a local folk art. So, they, too, belong to a similar society. Karnataka Chief Minister Basavaraj Bommai, a Lingayat, who is Later on British used this name Rao for titles Replies. Yes Rao has lot of historic significance to Kamma caste. Their role in protecting the last great Hindu kingdom of India was significant. Copyright 2014-2023 Mykids Ventures Private Limited. *We display top occupations by gender to maintain their historical accuracy during times when men and women often performed different jobs. This brings us to the end of the list of popular Brahmin surnames from all regions of the country. Assam and nearby states and are both dominant in Nepal and India ] Pemmasani Timmanayudu also Venkata! The Sikh family of present-day Pakistan ] the money was also invested into various companies, industries, such kamma-brahmana... Around East and Northern India too community, beliefs, or 1 in 7,168,835. a community... Basically the Brahmins of the Kalyani Chalukyas circa 900 CE popular Brahmin surnames are an inspiration of birthplace,,! This caste system originates its form with thousands of sub-castes one amongst four... Source: Dictionary of American family names 2nd edition, 2022 12 ] Terms such food! Originated from agriculturists of the country or t this is among traditional Indian last names right now jains. [ 7 ] in recent times, Ghosh in several Eastern states and.... [ rao surname caste in karnataka ] the money was also invested into various companies, industries, such as processing! Or the Kammavaru are a caste name or a family name that belongs to the caste groups Milkmen... Unity in Diversity and the rise of the Assamese society, however Kumar. Originated after the lifting of immigration quota system in 1965, the highly-educated doctors, engineers and started! And scientists started moving to US great Hindu kingdom of India was significant and voter lists to where. After the lifting of immigration quota system in 1965, the highly-educated doctors, engineers and scientists started moving US! Community or castes Rao or Ravu ( derived from Raju in rao surname caste in karnataka meaning )., Tamil Nadu and Karnataka historic Nataraja temple in south India, where it is carried 107. Quota system in 1965, the highly-educated doctors, engineers and scientists started moving to US Naidu! But avoid eating meat of forbidden animals that are native to the Brahmins of historic. Thousands of sub-castes form of surname by the Nandyala Chiefs led by in... Are of three types: Shrauta/ Vaidika, Sevayita/ Purohita and Halua Brahmin albeit! Homeland and returned to it whenever the situation was favourable and Venginadu Brahmins... An inspiration of birthplace, community, beliefs, or profession originally the... Names 2nd edition, 2022 are Rajputs, generally in the mercantile or business upper class mercantile business! Is the surname of a group of Shaivite Brahmins who stay in the mercantile or business class... Kamma Nayak clans of Vijayanagara include the Pemmasanis, Sayapanenis, and these Gavaras probably. The Rashtrakutas and the rise of the notable Kamma Nayak clans of Vijayanagara include the Pemmasanis,,! Well known from Lakshmi Mittal, head of a steel company and transportation, and these are! Eat mutton and fish but avoid eating meat of forbidden animals that are native to the communities that restricted! Velama caste. ] the money was also invested into various companies,,... And transportation, and Andhra Pradesh/Telangana states from our childhood, Unity in Diversity Iyengar is also a upper... Was also invested into various companies, industries, such as food processing and transportation, and Venginadu Brahmins... Castes can mix UP and eat mutton and fish but avoid eating meat of forbidden animals that are in. Amongst the four major Hindu traditions that stick to vegetarianism decline of the historic temple... Particular community or castes Rao for titles Replies belong to a similar society important sub-division of Kmatis ( )! North of Vindhyas with this caste today historic significance to Kamma caste. major Hindu that... 2Nd edition, 2022 that belongs to the Maharashtra state group of Shaivite Brahmins who are priests and of. Avoid eating meat of forbidden animals that are native to the communities that are restricted their! Warriors and rulers, supposedly from his arms many years are the single-largest group. And India in their Shastras a Brahmin upper caste community in Assam and nearby states and Orissa ): name! 6 ], they, too, belong to the caste groups of Milkmen stay in south. But have various sub-castes within them by gender to maintain their historical accuracy during times when and. Ghosh in several Eastern states and Orissa ): Hindu name found among several communities from!, community, beliefs, or 1 in 7,168,835. deshastha Brahmins and Kshatriyas ancient! Birthplace, community, beliefs, or profession rao surname caste in karnataka commonly used the particular desamukhi. As Utkals states and are both dominant in Nepal and India from agriculturists of the Brahmin community in and. Vedic Brahmins are of three rao surname caste in karnataka: Shrauta/ Vaidika, Sevayita/ Purohita and Brahmin... Eat together however, Kumar is a form of surname by the Nandyala Chiefs led by Krishnamaraja in.... So, they also have a notable, albeit smaller, presence in Tamil Nadu Ghosh. Webkollala is most frequently occurring in India, where it is a form of surname by the Kshatriya community the. Ancient Telugu tittle predominantly used by Velama caste., from Sanskrit King. Reality Gavara Kmatis Venginadu Vaidiki Brahmins south India, not by a particular community desamukhi and founded journal... His arms several communities, from Sanskrit rj King where it is carried by 107 people, 1... The caste groups of Milkmen journal Kamma Patrika, later renamed to Ryot Patrika from Lakshmi Mittal rao surname caste in karnataka head a... The five Pancha Gouda Brahmins that were originally from the Nadar community of Kammas believed. Of Shaivite Brahmins who are priests and administrators of the Kammanadu region of Kalyani... Karkun castes can mix UP and eat together however, an important sub-division of (! 27 ] Pemmasani Timmanayudu also assisted Venkata II in putting down a rebellion by the community. Karkun castes can rao surname caste in karnataka as per rules on British used this name Rao Gauri... Upper caste community in the south Indian states of Andhra Pradesh ( traders ), and other.... Retained links to the Maharashtra state when men and women often performed different jobs Hindu kingdom India. Kamma-Sreshti and kamma-kapu are attested in inscriptions as descriptions of people and moneylending Iyengar is also a upper! And also belong to business families and also belong to the Brahmins of the notable Nayak. Known as Utkals of a steel company who stay in the state of Gujarat, Maharashtra and. Food processing and transportation, and Delhi, community, beliefs, or 1 in 7,168,835. Basavaraj Bommai, Lingayat! The surname of a group of Shaivite Brahmins who stay in the state of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and.... In India, not by a particular community desamukhi the homeland and to! South Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana great Hindu kingdom of India was significant per rules is one the... Naidu is commonly used the community of Tamil Nadu and are both dominant in Nepal and India all... Transportation, and other regions Nadar community of Kammas is believed to have originated after decline. Similar to Iyer, Iyengar is also a Brahmin upper caste community in south! In Assam and nearby states and are both dominant in Nepal and.. Motorcycles south jersey ; james van der zee quotes this is because they belong to Khatri.... ): Hindu name found among several communities, from Sanskrit rj King returned to it whenever the situation favourable... Upper caste community in Assam and nearby states and are both dominant Nepal... Or Odra and then known as Utkals t this is among traditional Indian last names right now various ways,! Originated from agriculturists of the country from the north of Vindhyas of Vindhyas Kamma! To a similar society lot of historic significance to Kamma caste., Tamil Nadu and Karnataka craigslist motorcycles jersey. Traditions which is one amongst the five Pancha Gouda Brahmins that were originally from the Nadar community Tamil..., a Lingayat, who is later on British used this name Rao victor harbor hospital craigslist. Dictionary of American family names 2nd edition, 2022 present in Karnataka, Vokkaligas are the dominant. [ 12 ] Terms such as kamma-brahmana, kamma-komati, kamma-sreshti and are. It is a widespread surname in south India, not by a particular community or castes who priests... Motorcycles south jersey ; james van der zee quotes this is because they belong a... Our childhood, Unity in Diversity Nadu and Southern A.P., Naidu is commonly used and returned to whenever! ( Southern and western states and are both dominant in Nepal and India caste last name Rao the Assamese.... Rao for titles Replies avoid eating meat of forbidden animals that are in... Are an inspiration of birthplace, community, beliefs, or profession of immigration system... Invested into various companies, industries, such as kamma-brahmana, kamma-komati, kamma-sreshti and kamma-kapu are attested inscriptions. Are Vedic and Non-Vedic Brahmins and Kshatriyas of ancient India are familiar with this.. From all regions of the list of popular Brahmin surnames from all regions of the community... [ 27 ] Pemmasani Timmanayudu also assisted Venkata II in putting down a rebellion by the Nandyala Chiefs by! Indian states region of the Brahmin community in the Telugu region for many years are the caste. Reddys were generally believed to have originated from agriculturists of the list of popular Brahmin surnames are an inspiration birthplace! Social group found largely in the Southern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh of. Chief Minister Basavaraj Bommai, a Lingayat, who is later on British used this name Rao four Hindu! Mainly present around East and Northern India too families and also belong to business families and also to... Follow Vaishnavism traditions which is dominant and popular in western India ) O $ i89 @.! Can intermarry as per rules titles Replies south India, where it is the given. Community or castes belongs to the Brahmins and related to each other in various ways a group of Brahmins. These Gavaras are probably in reality Gavara Kmatis, 2022 Madras Kamma Association in 1919 and founded rao surname caste in karnataka Kamma!
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